锻压技术

基于旋转锻造工艺的航空发动机薄壁空心细长轴加工精度研究

英文标题：Study on machining precision of thin wall long hollow shaft for aeroengine

分类号：TH161；TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2017,42(3):1-10

摘要：

将旋转锻造（旋锻）成形方法应用于航空发动机薄壁空心细长轴的加工制造是一种新的工艺尝试。首先，介绍了旋转锻造的原理和工艺特点，然后，根据薄壁空心细长轴阶梯内孔同轴度加工的特点，进行了试验设计，并在自主研发的旋锻机上进行了试验，结合有限元数值分析方法对试验结果进行了分析和讨论。最后，对试验结果在产品上进行了验证。研究结果表明，旋锻工艺方法对保证航空发动机薄壁空心细长轴的精度是有效的，特别是对提高内孔的同轴度精度、保证壁厚均匀性，以及在改善工件的表面粗糙度和提高零件的力学性能等方面，与现有薄壁细长轴内孔加工方法相比有显著的优势：对锻造材料，脉冲加载锻打要比连续加载锻压的工艺塑性提高2.5~3倍；圆度：±0.005~±0.1 mm；同心度：提高50%；内表面的粗糙度小于0.05 μm。

The rotary swaging is a new technology for manufacturing thin wall long hollow shaft of aero-engine. Firstly, the principle and process features of rotary forging were introduced. Then, the experiment based on features of thin wall long hollow shaft on independent-developed rotary forging machine was designed and the test results were analyzed and discussed by the finite element numerical analysis method. Finally, the test results were verified on the products. The results show that the machining accuracy can be ensured by rotary forging, especially for increasing inner hole coaxial precision and ensuring wall thickness uniformity. Furthermore, the surface roughness of workpiece can be enhanced, and its mechanical properties can be improved. Compared with the existing process of inner hole of thin wall long hollow shaft, rotary swaging process has obvious advantages: the plastic of forging process with pulse loading to the swaging materials increases by 2.5-3 times than that of continuous loading. So, rotary forging can achieve high accuracy with roundness ±0.005-±0.1 mm, the coaxial precision is up of 50%, and inner surface roughness is less than 0.05 μm.

基金项目：

高档数控机床与基础制造装备科技重大专项（2014ZX04001021）

马鹏举（1961-），男，博士，副教授许志永（1988-），男，硕士研究生

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