锻压技术

空心轴成形技术研究现状

英文标题：Research status on forming technology for hollow shaft

作者：杨程路星星孙跃庄晓伟王玲

分类号：TG306

出版年,卷(期):页码：2018,43(1):1-8

摘要：

比较了空心轴和实心轴的抗弯和抗扭截面系数，发现相同外径的空心轴和实心轴在传递扭矩、弯矩和弯扭复合的功能时差别不大，但空心轴能大幅降低轴的重量，故空心轴的应用受到了越来越多的重视，急需解决空心轴的成形问题。对空心轴的成形方法做了归纳总结，简要分析了锻造+机加工、径向锻造、旋转锻造、挤压或挤压+机加工、楔横轧、强力旋压、旋转压缩、内高压成形、横轧+轴向穿孔、注射锻造、静液挤压+内高压成形等的原理和特点，并对几种常用成形方法在坯料形式、成形温度、润滑、成形道次、尺寸精度、表面质量和成形周期等方面进行了比较。未来对空心轴的需求会越来越多，成形方法也将向高效、精密、柔性的方向发展。

The section moduli of bending resistance and torsion resistance for hollow shaft and solid shaft were compared, and there was little difference in transmission of torsion, bending moment and bending-torsion between hollow shaft and solid shaft with the same external diameter. However, the weight of hollow shaft could reduce a lot. Thus, the application of hollow shaft was increased more and more, and the problems of hollow shaft forming were urgent to be solved. Then, the forming technologies of hollow shaft were concluded and summarized, and the principles and characteristics of forging+machining, radial forging, rotary forging, extrusion or extrusion+machining, cross wedge rolling, power spinning, rotary compression, internal high pressure forming, cross rolling+axial piercing, injection forging and hydrostatic extrusion+internal high pressure forming were briefly analyzed. Furthermore, the commonly used methods were compared from the following aspects of blank form, forming temperature, lubrication, forming pass, dimensional accuracy, surface quality and formng cycle. In the future, there is an increasing need for hollow shaft, and the forming method will be more effective, precise and flexible.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金资助项目（51335009）；陕西省教育厅专项（16JK1462）；陕西省耐磨材料工程技术研究中心专项（2016NMZX07）

作者简介：杨程（1976-），男，博士，副教授；E-mail：yang.cheng@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

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