锻压技术

火车轮模锻成形工艺及热处理换热系数测算

英文标题：Forging process and heat transfer coefficient calculation during heat treatment for railway wheel

作者：周玉安涛沈晓辉王可胜李奔奔琚文威

分类号：TG161

出版年,卷(期):页码：2020,45(3):146-151

摘要：

为研究火车轮在模锻成形过程中内部金属流动及淬火加热、踏面淬火中的换热系数和温度变化，利用有限元软件对其模锻成形及热处理过程进行数值模拟分析，并结合黄金分割优化法对综合换热系数进行了反传热计算。结果表明：模锻过程中，辐板与上模接触区域的等效应变最大，轮辋外侧变形相对较小，踏面附近区域变形较均匀；在淬火加热过程中，换热系数随工件表面温度升高而增加，当温度在500 ℃以下时，换热系数随温度的升高而快速增加，500 ℃以后，增速缓慢，800 ℃时，换热系数达0.15 kW·（m2·℃）-1；踏面淬火时，在700 ℃以下，随温度下降，换热系数迅速增大，300 ℃时达到峰值3.1 kW·(m2·℃)-1，在250 ℃以下，换热系数稍有下降,100 ℃时换热系数为2.5 kW·(m2·℃)-1。

In order to study the internal metal flow during die forging and the heat transfer coefficient and the temperature change in quench heating and tread quenching process for railway wheel, the processes of die forging and heat treatment were simulated by the finite element method, and combined with the golden section optimization method, the inverse heat transfer calculation was performed on the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient. The results show that during the die forging process, the maximum equivalent strain appears in the contact area between the spoke and the upper die, the deformation on the outside of rim is relatively small, and the deformation in area near tread is uniform. However, the heat transfer coefficient increases with the increasing of the surface temperature during quench heating process. When the temperature is below 500 ℃, the heat transfer coefficient increases quickly with increasing temperature, after 500 ℃, the growth rate is slow, and at 800 ℃, the heat transfer coefficient reaches 0.15 kW·（m2·℃）-1. When the tread is quenched, the heat transfer coefficient increases rapidly with the decrease of temperature below 700 ℃, and it reaches a peak of 3.1 kW·（m2·℃）-1 at 300 ℃. However, below 250 ℃, the heat transfer coefficient decreases slightly, and it reaches 2.5 kW·（m2·℃）-1 at 100 ℃.

基金项目：

安徽高校自然科学研究重大项目（KJ2019ZD47）；巢湖学院校级科研项目（XLY-201807）

周玉（1990-），女，硕士，讲师 E-mail：18315593012@163.com

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