锻压技术

激光选区熔化316L不锈钢小型薄壁复杂零件成形质量分析

英文标题：Analysis on forming quality of 316L stainless steel small thin-walled complex parts by selective laser melting

作者：门正兴刘建超周杰王昌飞马亚鑫唐越

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2020,45(6):102-106

摘要：

为评估西南地区第1台具有完全自主知识产权的500 W激光选区熔化成形（Selective Laser Melting, SLM）设备YS-340M 的成形零件质量，采用316L不锈钢粉末对典型小型薄壁复杂零件叶轮进行了试制，并利用万能拉伸试验机、金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及三维激光扫描仪对成形316L不锈钢的力学性能、微观组织以及叶轮尺寸精度进行了检测。检测结果显示：在激光体能量密度为 97.2 J·mm-3的情况下，YS-340M成形的316L不锈钢的抗拉强度为615.6 MPa、屈服强度为528 MPa；成形件力学性能存在各向异性，垂直方向强度约为水平方向的90%左右；试样断口为典型的韧性断裂，存在未完全熔化的圆球形粉末；成形叶轮与理论模型总体尺寸偏差均小于0.2 mm，成形零件尺寸精度为IT12，与使用温锻方法成形的零件尺寸精度一致，并且超过使用热锻方法成形的零件尺寸精度。

In order to evaluate the quality of the formed parts produced by the first 500 W selective laser melting (SLM) equipment YS-340M with completely independent intellectual property rights in Southwest China, a typical small thin-walled complex part impeller was manufactured by 316L stainless steel powder, and its mechanical properties, microstructure and dimensional accuracy of impeller were tested by universal tensile testing machine, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and 3D laser scanner. The test results show that its tensile strength and yield strength are 615.6 MPa and 528 MPa respectively when the laser volume energy density is 97.2 J·mm-3, and the mechanical properties formed part are anisotropic, namely, the strength in the vertical direction is about 90% of the horizontal direction. Furthermore, the fracture of sample is a typical ductile fracture with spherical powders which are incompletely melted, and the overall dimensional deviation of the forming impeller and the theoretical model is less than 0.2 mm to reach the dimensional accuracy IT12, which is consistent with the dimensional accuracy of the part formed by warm forging and exceeds the dimensional accuracy of the part formed by hot forging.

基金项目：

四川省科技厅项目（2019YJ0519）；四川省教育厅项目（18ZA0031，18ZB0050）

门正兴（1980-），男，博士，高级工程师，教授 E-mail：amen1980@163.com

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