For Al5154 alloy commonly used in automobile, the hardening model was constructed  under uniaxial tensile, pure shear and plane strain states. Then, the experimental data of mechanical properties were obtained by the experiments of uniaxial tensile, pure shear and plane strain, VTL hardening model was proposed considering different stress states by adding the stress triaxiality T and Lode parameter L into the Voce hardening model to characterize different stress states, and the Isight simulation optimization platform was used to calibrate the model parameters. Furthermore, the new model was used for numerical simulation, and it was analyzed and compared with the simulation results of traditional Swift and Voce hardening models. The results show that the traditional Swift and Voce hardening models well describe the hardening behavior under uniaxial tensile and plane strain states, but overestimate the hardening behavior under pure shear state. However, VTL hardening model is better than Swift and Voce hardening models to describe the hardening behavior in three different stress states.