锻压技术

大厚度双曲度铝合金飞机蒙皮拉伸成形工艺优化

英文标题：Optimization on stretch forming process for hyperbolic aluminum alloy aircraft skin with large thickness

作者：房涛涛李晓星郎利辉

单位：北京航空航天大学

分类号：TP391.7

出版年,卷(期):页码：2021,46(1):29-36

摘要：

拉伸成形工艺是飞机蒙皮零件的基本成形方法。针对某大厚度双曲度铝合金飞机蒙皮进行了拉伸成形工艺研究和优化。为了保证数值模拟的准确性和可靠性，进行了材料性能测试试验，获取了该蒙皮多道次加工时每一道次、不同热处理状态下的材料性能。通过数值模拟，研究了拉伸成形工艺参数包括各道次拉伸量、上模压力、合模间距对贴模和回弹的影响规律。结果表明：合模间距为7 mm时，成形后零件的厚度在大部分区域基本均匀；上模压力在200~1000 kN之间时，增加压力能有效地改善贴模度。据此，提出了优化拉伸成形工艺。针对该蒙皮零件厚度大而导致的回弹大、仅靠工艺优化不能完全满足贴模度要求的问题，进行了模具型面补偿研究。结果表明，该工艺可用于生产满足质量要求的蒙皮零件，并能减少成形道次、降低加工成本、提高生产效率。

Stretch forming process is the basic forming method of aircraft skin parts. For hyperbolic aluminum alloy aircraft skin with large thickness, its stretch forming process was studied and optimized. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of numerical simulation, the testing experiment of material performance was carried out, and the material properties of each forming pass and different heat treatment states during the multi-pass forming process of skin were obtained. Then, the influence laws of stretch forming process parameters, including stretch amount of each pass, upper die pressure and clamping spacing on die fitting and springback were studied by numerical simulation. The results show that when the clamping spacing is 7 mm, the thickness of formed part is basically uniform in most area, and when the upper die pressure is 200-1000 kN, the increasing of pressure effectively improves the die fitting degree. Based on these, the optimum stretch forming process was put forward. Aiming at the problem of large springback caused by the large thickness of skin part, the process optimization alone did not fully meet the requirements of the die fitting degree, and the die profile compensation was studied. The results show that the process can be used to produce parts that meet the quality requirements of the skin components and can reduce the forming passes, reduce the processing cost and improve the production efficiency.

基金项目：

基金项目:国家科技重大专项资助项目（2014ZX04002041）

作者简介：房涛涛（1979-），女，博士研究生 E-mail：fangtaotao1208@126.com 通讯作者：李晓星（1953-），男，博士，教授 E-mail：li.xiaoxing@buaa.edu.cn

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