锻压技术

细长轴预拉伸残余应力分析及加工变形控制研究

英文标题：Research on pre-stretching residual stress analysis and machining deformation control of slender shaft

分类号：TH69

出版年,卷(期):页码：2021,46(4):180-184

摘要：

针对细长轴加工过程中棒材内部应力释放而导致的加工变形问题，提出了通过轴向预拉伸对细长轴内部应力进行调控的新方法。为进行对比研究，采用三点弯曲法对轴内部施加内应力，并分析轴向拉伸对残余应力和后续加工变形的影响规律。通过ABAQUS软件建立了细长轴三点弯曲及轴向拉伸的数值模型，使用生死单元方法模拟细长轴材料的去除及变形，研究了不同预拉伸率下残余应力和加工变形情况，并对细长轴进行轴向拉伸及加工实验验证。研究结果表明：预拉伸可以使轴向内应力重新分布，拉伸卸载后细长轴的主要残余应力为拉应力且沿轴向分布；随着拉伸量的增加，后续机械加工变形量逐渐减小。

Aiming at the problem of machining deformation caused by the release of internal stress in the process of slender shaft machining, a new method of adjusting and controlling the internal stress of slender shaft by axial pre-stretching was proposed. In order to make a comparative study, three-point bending method was used to exert internal stress on the shaft, and the influence laws of axial stretching on residual stress and subsequent machining deformation were analyzed. The numerical model of three-point bending and axial stretching of slender shaft were established by ABAQUS software, and the material removal and deformation of slender shaft were simulated by birth-and-death element method. The residual stress and machining deformation of slender shaft under different pre-stretching rates were studied, and the experimental verification of axial stretching and machining for slender shaft was carried out. The results show that the axial internal stress can be redistributed by pre-stretching, and the main residual stress of slender shaft after unloading is tensile stress, which is distributed along the axial direction. And with the increasing of stretching amount, the subsequent machining deformation decreases gradually.

基金项目：

中国航空发动机集团重难点和瓶颈问题攻关项目（F9N30K337）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(zrzd2017027)

张琦（1978-），男，博士，教授 E-mail：henryzhang@xjtu.edu.cn

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