锻压技术

多向锻造对电弧熔丝增材制造300M钢微观组织及拉伸性能的影响

英文标题：Influence of multi-directional forging on microstructure and tensile properties for 300M steel by arc fuse additive manufacturing

作者：熊逸博郑志镇温东旭李建军

单位：华中科技大学

关键词：300M钢电弧熔丝增材制造多向锻造微观组织拉伸性能

分类号：TG316；TG444

出版年,卷(期):页码：2021,46(7):1-6

摘要：

为了解决电弧增材制造超高强钢构件中存在的晶粒粗大、成分不均匀和力学性能较差等问题，提出一种将电弧熔丝增材制造和多向锻造相结合的复合成形技术。首先，采用电弧熔丝增材制造技术加工出300M钢块体，然后对其进行多向锻造实验，并采用单向拉伸实验对多向锻造前后300M钢的拉伸性能进行测试，采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对微观组织和拉伸断口进行观察分析。结果表明：经过多向锻造后，沉积态的柱状晶被打碎并形成了均匀的等轴晶，微气孔得到消除，微观组织由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体组成。多向锻造后，材料的横向和竖向拉伸性能得到了大幅提升，各向异性得到消除，抗拉强度提高了205.1~281.8 MPa，屈服强度提高了23.9~50.5 MPa，伸长率提高了15.5%~16.2%，且拉伸断裂模式由准解理断裂转变为韧性断裂。

In order to solve the problems of coarse grain, uneven composition and poor mechanical properties in the arc additive manufacturing of ultra-high strength steel components, a hybrid forming technology combining arc fuse additive manufacturing and multi-directional forging was proposed. Firstly, a 300M steel block was fabricated by the arc fuse additive manufacturing technology, and then the multi-directional forging test was conducted on it. Next, the tensile properties of 300M steel before and after multi-directional forging were tested by the uniaxial tensile tests, and the microstructure and tensile fracture were observed and analyzed by metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that after multi-directional forging, the deposited columnar grains are broken, the uniform equiaxed grains are formed, the micropores are eliminated, and the multi-directional forged microstructure is composed of bainite, martensite and residual austenite. Thus, after multi-directional forging, the transverse and vertical tensile properties of the material are greatly improved, the anisotropy is eliminated, the tensile strength increases by 205.1-281.8 MPa, the yield strength increases by 23.9-50.5 MPa, the elongation increases by 15.5%-16.2%, and the tensile fracture mode is changed from quasi-cleavage fracture to ductile fracture.

基金项目：

国家重点研发计划（2018YFB1106501）

作者简介：熊逸博（1993-），男，硕士，博士研究生，E-mail：476128237@qq.com；通信作者：郑志镇（1970-），男，博士，副教授，E-mail：zzz@hust.edu.cn

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