锻压技术

12Cr2Mo1大型钢锭锻造裂纹分析与控制

英文标题：Analysis and control of forging cracks for 12Cr2Mo1 large ingots

作者：宋玉冰1 2 陈明1 2 郭彪1 2 郭锐涛1 2 于保宁1 2 徐航涛1 2

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2021,46(10):49-55

摘要：

12Cr2Mo1大型钢锭在锻造生产过程中经常发生开裂现象，对锻造生产过程和锻件质量造成了很大影响。通过试验分析，在裂纹试样断口上观察到大量的球状颗粒物，经能谱分析确定其为夹杂物。制备金相试样，观察裂纹区域夹杂物的分布状态和金相组织，发现沿裂纹线分布有大量细小夹杂物。同时，发现裂纹线附近区域的晶粒比正常区域小，分析其原因为：细小夹杂物钉扎晶界，阻碍了裂纹区域晶粒在锻造高温状态下的长大，从而产生了混晶现象。另外，裂纹线附近区域因脱碳存在大量铁素体，导致在锻造过程中裂纹更易扩展。通过扫描电镜和能谱分析，进一步确认了金相试样裂纹区域的夹杂物同断口中的夹杂物同为MnO-Cr2O3复合夹杂物。结合分析结果制定了夹杂物和有害元素的控制措施，并通过研究分析12Cr2Mo1大型钢锭的高温强度和塑性，确定了该材质的易裂敏感温度区间。

12Cr2Mo1 large ingots often crack during the forging production process, which has a great impact on the forging production process and the quality of forgings. A large number of spherical particles were observed in the fracture of crack specimen through test analysis. It was identified as inclusion by energy spectrum analysis. Metallographic samples were prepared to observe the distribution of inclusions and the microstructure in the crack area. A large number of small inclusions were found along the crack line. At the same time, it was found that the grain in the area near the crack line was smaller than that in the normal area. The reason was that the small inclusions were pinned on the grain boundaries and hindered the growth of the grains in the crack area under the forging high temperature state, resulting in a mixed crystal phenomenon. In addition, there were a lot of ferrite in the area near the crack line due to decarburization, and the crack propagation was easier in the forging process. Through scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis, the fact that the inclusions in the crack area on the metallographic sample and the inclusions in the fracture were both MnO-Cr2O3 composite inclusions had been further confirmed. Combining the analysis results, the control measures for inclusions and harmful elements were formulated, and through the research and analysis of the high temperature strength and plasticity of 12Cr2Mo1 large ingots, the crack sensitive temperature range of the material was determined.

基金项目：

作者简介：宋玉冰（1972-），男，学士，高级工程师 E-mail：sybclf@126.com 通信作者：陈明（1985-），男，学士，工程师 E-mail：chenming123citic@163.com

参考文献：

[1]张义帅，孙红星，刘华，等.关于大型锻件锻造开裂的研究方法[J].大型铸锻件，2013，(5)：38-41.

Zhang Y S，Sun H X，Liu H，et al. Research on forging cracking of heavy forgings[J]. Heavy Casting and Forging，2013，（5）：38-41.

[2]肖凯，胡传顺，刘丽芳，等.12Cr2Mo1钢直角弯头裂纹原因分析[J].热加工工艺，2008，37（13）：110-112.

Xiao K，Hu C S，Liu L F，et al. Reason analysis on surface crack in right-angled elbow of 12Cr2Mo1 steel[J]. Hot Working Technology，2008，37（13）：110-112.

[3]任猛，李保华.钢锭开裂的机理及防止方法[J].大型铸锻件，1992，（3）：36-42.

Ren M，Li B H. Mechanism and prevention method of steel ingot cracking [J]. Heavy Casting and Forging，1992，（3）：36-42.

[4]马会宾. 20钢轴套锻裂分析[J].热加工工艺，2006，35（13）：54-55.

Ma H B. Forging crazing analysis of 20 steel axles sleeve[J]. Hot Working Technology，2006，35（13）：54-55.

[5]刘占东，岳喜军.包晶钢锭锻造开裂原因分析[J].大型铸锻件，2011，（6）：17-18.

Liu Z D，Yue X J. Reason analysis for peritectic ingot forging crack[J]. Heavy Casting and Forging，2011，（6）：17-18.

[6]任运来，李骏，张永涛.应变速率对锻件内部脆性夹杂物边界裂纹形成的影响[J].热加工工艺，2014，43（19）：137-139.

Ren Y L，Li J，Zhang Y T. Effects of strain rate on cracks formation of brittle inclusions boundary inside forgings[J]. Hot Working Technology，2014，43（19）：137-139.

[7]金宏伟，郭思维.34CrNi3Mo钢锭锻裂原因[J].物理测试，2001，19（3）：40-44.

Jin H W，Guo S W. Analysis of forging bursting for 34CrNi3Mo steel ingot[J]. Physics Examination and Testing，2001，19（3）：40-44.

[8]宋海武，艾星辉，齐长发，等.20MnSiNb钢高温塑性及其与Nb(C,N)析出的关系[J].热加工工艺，2007，36（20）：27-31.

Song H W，Ai X H，Qi C F，et al. Hot ductility of 20MnSiNb steel and its relationship with Nb(C,N) precipitates[J]. Hot Working Technology，2007，36（20）：27-31.

[9]杜旋，薛良良，张艳召，等.17CrNiMo6钢锭锻造开裂原因分析[J].大型铸锻件，2016，（6）：26-29.

Du X，Xu L L，Zhang Y Z，et al. Reason analysis on forging cracks of 17CrNiMo6 ingot[J]. Heavy Casting and Forging，2016，（6）：26-29.

[10]GB/T 10561—2005，钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定标准评级图显微检验法[S].

GB/T 10561—2005，Steel—Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions—Micrographic method using standards diagrams [S].

[11]莫明立. 1Cr18Mn18N不锈钢车用热锻件开裂原因分析[J].热加工工艺，2015，44（13）：238-240.

Mo M L. Analysis of cracking reasons of hot forging for automobile 1Cr18Mn18N stainless steel[J]. Hot Working Technology，2015，44（13）：238-240.

[12]程巨强，刘志学. 金属锻造加工基础[M]. 北京：化学工业出版社，2012.

Chen J Q，Liu Z X. Metal Forging Processing Foundation[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press，2012.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】