锻压技术

工艺参数对激光选区熔化成形18Ni300钢冲击韧性的影响

英文标题：Influence of process parameters on impact toughness for 18Ni300 steel formed by selective laser melting

作者：门正兴

单位：成都航空职业技术学院

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2022,47(8):123-129

摘要：

为了解工艺参数对激光选区熔化成形材料抗冲击能力的影响规律及机制，利用金属摆锤试验机，对不同激光功率及扫描速度下，激光选区熔化成形18Ni300马氏体时效钢进行冲击韧性试验，采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜进行微观组织及断口形貌观察。试验结果显示：随着激光体能量密度的增加，激光选区熔化成形18Ni300钢内部孔洞形缺陷减少，融道内胞状晶数量减少，柱状晶数量增加，韧性冲击断口形貌逐渐由舌状滑移区和大而浅的韧窝转变为均匀小韧窝，最终导致18Ni300钢的冲击韧性增加。通过非线性拟合建立了激光选区熔化成形工艺参数及激光体能量密度与冲击韧性之间的关系。研究表明：激光功率、扫描速度对激光选区熔化成形18Ni300钢的冲击韧性均有显著影响，随着激光体能量密度的增加，18Ni300钢的冲击韧性不断增加，在激光体能量密度达到120 Ｊ·ｍｍ-3后，冲击韧性趋于平稳。

In order to understand the influence law and mechanism of process parameters on the impact resistance ability of selective laser melting materials，the impact toughness tests of 18Ni300 maraging steel formed by selective laser melting under different laser powers and scanning speeds were conducted by the metal pendulum testing machine, and the microstructures and fracture morphologies were observed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that with the increasing of laser energy density, the internal hole-shaped defects of 18Ni300 steel formed by selective laser melting decreases, the number of cellular crystals in the melt channel decreases, the number of columnar crystals increases, and the morphology of ductile impact fracture gradually changes from tongue-like slip zone and large and shallow dimples to uniform small dimples eventually,which resulting in the increasing of impact toughness for 18Ni300 steel. The relationship among selective laser melting process parameters, laser energy density and impact toughness was established by nonlinear fitting. The research shows that laser power and scanning speed have significant effects on the impact toughness of 18Ni300 steel formed by selective laser melting. With the increasing of laser energy density, the impact toughness of 18Ni300 steel continues to increase. After the laser energy density reaches 120 J·mm-3, the impact toughness becomes stable.

基金项目：

四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目（2019YJ0519）

作者简介：门正兴（1980-），男，博士，教授，高级工程师，E-mail：amen1980@163.com

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