锻压技术

航空变曲率内蒙皮零件精确成形参数优化

英文标题：Precision forming and parameter optimization for aircraft inner skin part with variable curvature

单位：成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司四川成飞集成科技股份有限公司西南交通大学机械工程学院

分类号：TG386.3

出版年,卷(期):页码：2022,47(11):116-122

摘要：

为推动复杂曲面航空钣金构件的快速制造，以航空变曲率内蒙皮零件为研究对象，基于冲压拉深技术，通过设计合理的工艺模型并结合有限元分析手段来实现零件的精确成形。以零件减薄率为目标响应值，以压边力、凹模与板料间的摩擦因数、压边圈与板料间的摩擦因数为优化变量，设计3因素5水平正交试验，建立了BP神经网络代理模型，并通过粒子群优化算法（PSO）求解得到最佳的工艺参数组合：压边力为607 kN、凹模与板料间的摩擦因数为0.20、压边圈与板料间的摩擦因数为0.13。采用优化后的工艺参数进行成形仿真，零件的减薄率与成形质量均有所改善，仿真模型的预测值与实际值的平均绝对百分比误差MAPE为2.49%，满足优化精度要求。同时，采用优化后的参数进行工艺试验，一次即成形出合格零件，其实际减薄率与仿真模型预测值的相对误差不大于4.8%，验证了仿真模型的准确性，也证明了优化方法的有效性。

In order to promote the rapid manufacturing of aircraft sheet metal components with complex curved surfaces，for the aircraft inner skin part with variable curvature, based on the stamping and deep drawing technology, the precise forming of part was realized by designing reasonable process model and combining with the finite element analysis method. Then, taking the thinning rate of part as the target response value and the blank holder force, friction coefficient between die and sheet and friction coefficient between blank holder ring and sheet as the optimization variables, an orthogonal test with three factors and five levels was designed, a BP neural network surrogate model was established. Furthermore, the best process parameters combination were solved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) as the blank holder force of 607 kN, the friction coefficient between die and sheet of 0.20 and the friction coefficient between blank holder ring and sheet of 0.13. The results show that the thinning rate and forming quality of part are improved by using the optimized process parameters to conduct the forming simulation. The average absolute percentage error MAPE between the predicted value of the simulation model and the actual value is 2.49%, which meets the requirements of optimization accuracy. At the same time, the optimized parameters were used to carry out the process test, and the qualified parts were formed in one time, and the relative error between the actual thinning rate and the predicted value of the simulation model is less than 4.8%, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model and proves the effectiveness of the optimization method.

基金项目：

四川省省院省校合作项目（2019YFSY0050）

作者简介：李晓军（1989-），男，学士，高级工程师，E-mail：lxjupup@163.com；通信作者：谢延敏（1975-），男，博士，副教授，E-mail：xie_yanmin@swjtu.edu.cn

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