锻压技术

高温扩散对铁道机车用钢组织与性能的影响

英文标题：Influence of high temperature diffusion on microstructure and properties of steel for railway locomotive

作者：殷胤强杨艳刘海亮胡艳华

分类号：TG156.2

出版年,卷(期):页码：2022,47(11):222-230

摘要：

采用金相显微镜、拉伸实验机等，研究了高温扩散时间、高温扩散温度和高温扩散加热火次对铁道机车用30Cr1Mo1V合金钢组织与性能的影响。结果表明：无高温扩散处理的实验钢中含有条带状偏析，组织为回火索氏体+白色块状铁素体；高温扩散处理后，实验钢中大尺寸晶粒所占比例增多、条带状偏析消失，且高温扩散时间越长，则晶粒尺寸越大。当高温扩散温度从1100 ℃升高至1200 ℃时，实验钢的平均晶粒尺寸不断增大，且1150 ℃及以下温度时，高温扩散组织均为回火索氏体+少量铁素体，条带状偏析消失。锻后高温扩散处理实验钢中可见尺寸为40~70 μm的晶粒，平均晶粒尺寸相对锻前高温扩散处理试样更大，且（15,0）试样中仍然存在条带状偏析。实验钢的冲击功大小与平均晶粒尺寸有一定的正相关性，即平均晶粒尺寸越小则冲击功越大。高温扩散处理实验钢的力学性能均满足铁道机车用钢的力学性能要求，适宜的锻前和锻后高温扩散时间为15 h。

The influences of high temperature diffusion time, high temperature diffusion temperature and high temperature diffusion heating times on the microstructure and properties of 30Cr1Mo1V alloy steel for railway locomotive were studied by metallographic microscope and tensile testing machine. The results show that the experimental steel without high temperature diffusion treatment contains strip segregation, and the microstructure is tempered sorbite and white massive ferrite. After high temperature diffusion treatment, the proportion of large-size grains in the experimental steel increases and the strip segregation disappears, and the longer the high temperature diffusion time is, the larger the grain size is. When the high temperature diffusion temperature increases from 1100 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the average grain size of the experimental steel increases continuously, the microstructures at 1150 ℃ and below are tempered sorbite and a small amount of ferrite, and the strip segregation disappears. Grains with the size of 40-70 μm can be seen in the experimental steel with high temperature diffusion treatment after forging, the average grain size is larger than that of the high temperature diffusion treatment sample before forging, and there is still strip segregation in the (15,0) sample. The impact energy of the experimental steel has a certain positive correlation with the average grain size, that is, the smaller the average grain size is, the greater the impact energy is. Thus, the mechanical properties of the experimental steel with high temperature diffusion treatment meet the requirements of mechanical properties for railway locomotive steel, and the appropriate high temperature diffusion time before and after forging is 15 h.

基金项目：

内蒙古自治区教育科学研究“十三五”规划课题（NZJGH2019166）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目（2019LH05013）

作者简介：殷胤强（1986-），男，硕士，讲师，E-mail：oldsmart@21cn.com

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