锻压技术

弹壳拉深成形工艺分析及模具设计

英文标题：Process analysis and die design on cartrideg deep drawing

分类号：TG376

出版年,卷(期):页码：2022,47(12):81-86

摘要：

以某型号弹壳盂子为研究对象，针对初始设计方案拉深成形后盂子中心底厚超差的问题，通过数值模拟分析其原因：第1次拉深过程中，坯料的弯曲变形量过大，使得坯料无约束底部的弯曲半径变小、径向拉应力过大，从而导致坯料底部减薄超差。在此基础上，提出控制坯料第1次拉深成形的弯曲变形量、减少坯料底部径向拉应力的优化方案，数值模拟结果显示，盂子中心底厚达到3.43 mm，中心底厚得到有效提升。采用优化方案进行工艺试制，其结果表明，盂子中心底厚平均值达到3.452 mm，盂子外径、高度和中心底厚均达到了设计要求。数值模拟结果与实验结果的吻合度高，其对实际生产具有指导性作用。

For a certain type of cartridge case, aiming at the problem of out-of-tolerance for center bottom thickness of case after deep drawing in the initial design scheme, the reason was analyzed by numerical simulation. The bending deformation amount of blank was too large during the first deep drawing process, so that the bending radius at the unconstrained bottom of the blank became smaller and the radial tensile stress was too larger, resulting in the thinning of the bottom of blank out of tolerance. On this basis, an optimized scheme was proposed to control the bending deformation amount of blank in the first deep drawing process and reduce the radial tensile stress at the bottom of blank. The simulation results show that the center bottom thickness of case has been effectively increased to 3.430 mm. And the optimized scheme was used for process test. The results show that the center bottom thickness average value of case reaches 3.452 mm, and the outer diameter, height and center bottom thickness of case achieve the designed requirements. Thus, the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which can guide the actual production.

基金项目：

刘新(1995-)，女，硕士，工程师 E-mail：18426457621@163.com

参考文献：

(1)为了对弹壳的拉深成形过程进行仿真，应用DEFORM-2D构建弹壳拉深成形有限元模型，模拟分析了弹壳拉深成形过程中的金属塑性流动规律及应力、应变的变化情况。

(2)经数值模拟分析可知，初始设计方案中弹壳盂子中心底厚减薄超差的主要原因为：第1次拉深成形过程中，坯料快速弯曲导致无约束底部的弯曲半径变小、径向拉应力过大，从而使得坯料底部减薄超差。

(3)针对该问题，提出一种控制坯料第1次拉深成形的弯曲半径、减少坯料底部径向拉应力的优化方案。数值模拟和实际试制结果均显示，该优化方案可以有效改善盂子中心底厚，避免减薄超差的缺陷问题。

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