In the hot forging process of TC18 titanium alloy, the heat transfer coefficients between forgings and air, forgings and mold have significant impact on the hot forging process. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the heat transfer coefficients between forgings and air, forgings and mold under different process conditions, the corresponding heat transfer coefficients of TC18 titanium alloy under different conditions were studied by the heat conduction inverse problem method based on process experiments combined with Deform-3D finite element analysis. The results show that during the heating process, the heat transfer coefficient between TC18 titanium alloy and air changes in the range of 0.1-0.3 N·(s·mm·℃)-1, and during the cooling process, the heat transfer coefficient between sample and air changes in the range of 0.02-0.10 N·(s·mm·℃)-1. However, the heat transfer coefficient between sample and mold is greatly affected by the conditions of contact surface. The peak heat transfer coefficient of interface without medium and glass lubricant is relatively large, about 4.5 N·(s·mm·℃)-1, while the heat transfer coefficients of interface with insulating cotton, glass fiber cloth and new composite cloth are small, around 0.4-0.5 N·(s·mm·℃)-1.