In order to improve the comprehensive properties of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel, ultrasonic rolling technology was used to process it, and the influences of different static pressures on its residual stress and roughness during ultrasonic rolling were studied by experiment and numerical simulation methods. The results show that in the static pressure range of 50-250 N, the residual stress increases with the increasing of static pressure, and the error between the simulation and test results remains within 9%. Under the static pressure of 250 N, the maximum residual compressive stress measured by the test is -579.15 MPa. The simulation results show that the residual stress distribution width increases with the increasing of static pressure, but the growth rate gradually decreases, and the maximum residual stress distribution width of 8.5 mm is obtained under the static pressure of 250 N. Under the static pressure of 50 and 100 N, the residual stress depth is approximately 1 mm. Under the static pressure of 150, 200 and 250 N, the residual compressive stress still exists 3 mm away from the surface. Thus, in order to obtain higher residual compressive stress in the material while considering economic benefits, it is recommended to use 150 N static pressure. In the static pressure range of 50-250 N, with the gradual increase of static pressure, the surface roughness of material gradually decreases. Under the static pressure of 250 N, the surface roughness of material decreases by approximately 89% compared to the original surface. The simulation results show that the optimal static pressure parameter range to obtain smaller roughness value is 200-300 N.