锻压技术

某汽轮机叶片热成形工艺研究及优化

英文标题：Research and optimization on thermal forming process for a steam turbine blade

作者：罗应娜

分类号：TG316；TG146.4

出版年,卷(期):页码：2023,48(12):63-71

摘要：

为提高某汽轮机叶片热冲压成形质量并降低试错成本，首先，通过等温热压缩试验获取了X2Cr11钢在不同温度和应变速率下的应力-应变曲线，并构建了高精度Hansel-Spittel本构模型，等温压缩结果表明，温度和应变速率对材料的应力产生显著影响；随后，基于所建立的本构方程，构建了某汽轮机叶片的热冲压数值仿真模型，初步分析了原工艺存在的问题，包括板料厚度不均匀和显著的回弹效应；最后，提出了一种基于拉丁超立方、有限元仿真、克里金模型和遗传算法的优化策略，成功将最大回弹量控制在1.5 mm以内，最大减薄率控制在3.3%以内。生产试制表明，该策略显著提升了汽轮机叶片的成形质量、降低了试错成本。研究成果为汽轮机叶片的高质量生产提供了有效保障。

To improve the thermal stamping quality of a certain steam turbine blade and reduce trial-and-error costs, the stress-strain curves of X2Cr11 steel at different temperatures and strain rates were obtained by isothermal thermal compression tests, and a high-precision Hansel-Spittel constitutive model was constructed. Isothermal compression results indicate that the temperature and strain rate have significant effects on stress in material. Then,based on the established constitutive equation, a numerical simulation model of thermal forming for a specific steam turbine blade was constructed. The problem existing in the original process was preliminarily analyzed including uneven sheet thickness and considerable springback effect. Finally, an optimization strategy based on Latin hypercube, finite element simulation, Kriging model and genetic algorithm was proposed. The maximum springback amount is successfully controlled within 1.5 mm, and the maximum thinning rate is controlled within 3.3%. Production trial production shows that this strategy significantly improves the forming quality of steam turbine blades and reduces the trial-and-error costs. Thus, the research results provide an effective guarantee for the high-quality production of steam turbine blades.

基金项目：

重庆市自然科学基金面上项目（CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1029）；重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划青年项目（KJQN202203204）

作者简介：罗应娜（1979-），女，学士，副教授 E-mail：lyn3796@163.com

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