锻压技术

薄壁矩形管铝型材分流挤压过程挤压力影响研究

英文标题：Study on influence of extrusion force during split extrusion process for thin-walled rectangular tube aluminum profile

作者：陈飞1 魏科1 党利2 李平生1 叶黑1

单位：1. 南昌航空大学航空制造工程学院 2. 郑州航空工业管理学院航空工程学院

关键词：薄壁矩形管 6063铝合金分流挤压挤压力主应力法

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2023,48(12):129-137

摘要：

以6063铝合金薄壁矩形管为研究对象，首先应用Deform-3D模拟软件分析成形过程中的材料流动与挤压力的变化规律及原因；其次，基于正交试验研究不同工艺参数对挤压力的影响及显著性。结果表明：挤压初期材料处于镦粗和填充状态，挤压力显著上升，而当材料经分流孔进入焊合室后被焊合，分流金属接触到焊合室底部后在焊合室内不断聚集并横向移动，导致挤压力急剧增大；挤压力随坯料温度与模具温度的升高而降低，随挤压速度的增加而增大。最后，基于优选的因素水平，模拟获得了较低的挤压力，将该值与基于主应力法获取的理论最大挤压力进行对比，模拟值与理论值的误差为5.6%。研究成果可为铝型材多孔分流挤压的省力成形和提高模具寿命提供依据。

For 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled rectangular tube, firstly, the changing rules and causes of material flow and extrusion force during the forming process were analyzed by simulation software Deform-3D, and secondly, based on orthogonal test, the influences and significance of different process parameters on the extrusion force were investigated. The results show that in the early state of extrusion, the material is in a state upsetting and filling, and the extrusion force increases significantly. The material is welded after entering the welding chamber through the shunt hole, and the shunt metal contacts the bottom of welding chamber and continues to gather and move laterally in the welding chamber, which causes the extrusion force to increase sharply. The extrusion force decreases with the increasing of billet temperature and mold temperature, and increases with the increasing of extrusion speed. Finally, based on the preferred factors and levels, the lower extrusion force is obtained by the simulation. This value is compared with the theoretical maximum extrusion force obtained based on the principal stress method, and the error between the simulation and theoretical values is 5.6%. Thus, the research results provides the basis for realizing labor-saving forming of porous split extrusion for aluminum profile and improving the life of mold.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52005241）；中国国家留学基金委资助项目（NO.202208360107）；南昌航空大学2021年校级教改课题（JY21028）；江西省自然科学基金资助项目（20232BAB204050）

作者简介：陈飞（1996-），男，硕士研究生 E-mail：1101682809@qq.com 通信作者：魏科（1986-），男，博士，副教授 E-mail：weike@nchu.edu.cn

参考文献：

[1]白志玲. 铝合金的研究现状及应用[J]. 科技广场, 2015, (12): 18-20.

Bai Z L. Research status and application of aluminum alloy[J]. Science Mosaic, 2015, (12): 18-20.

[2]杨守杰, 戴圣龙. 航空铝合金的发展回顾与展望[J]. 材料导报, 2005, 19 (2): 76-80.

Yang S J, Dai S L. Review and prospect of the development of aviation aluminum alloy[J]. Materials Reports, 2005, 19 (2): 76-80.

[3]Yu J Q, Zhao G Q, Zhao X T, et al. Microstructures of longitudinal /transverse welds and back-end defects and their influences on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy extrusion profiles[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, 267: 1-16.

[4]曾文浩, 魏刚, 邓小亮, 等. 翻窗上扇框薄壁空心铝型材挤压过程数值模拟与挤压参数优化[J]. 西华大学学报, 2017, 36(4): 70-77.

Zeng W H, Wei G, Deng X L, et al. Numerical simulation of extrusion process and optimization of extrusion parameters for thin-walled hollow aluminum profile in upper window frame[J]. Journal of Xihua University, 2017, 36(4): 70-77.

[5]刘莹莹, 王庆娟. 金属挤压、拉拔工艺及公模具设计[M]. 北京:冶金工业出版社, 2020.

Liu Y Y, Wang Q J. Metal Extrusion, Drawing Process and Tooling Design[M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2020.

[6]王泽宁, 孙金全, 崔洪芝. 影响铝型材挤压模具寿命因素的分析[J]. 热处理技术与装备, 2014, 35(5): 22-30.

Wang Z N, Sun J Q, Cui H Z. Analysis of factors affecting life of extrusion die for aluminum profile[J]. Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment, 2014, 35(5): 22-30.

[7]Fang G, Zhou J, Duszczyk J. Extrusion of 7075 aluminium alloy through double-pocket dies to manufacture a complex profile[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209（6）: 3050-3059.

[8]党利, 杨合, 郭良刚, 等. Inconel625大型厚壁管挤压损伤行为仿真[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2015, 22(5): 29-34.

Dang L, Yang H, Guo L G, et al. Simulation on extrusion damage behavior of Inconel625 large thick wall tube[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2015, 22(5): 29-34.

[9]李世康, 李落星, 刘志文, 等. 挤压速度对6063铝合金管材焊合强度的影响[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2017, 27(9): 1775-1784.

Li S K, Li L X, Liu Z W, et al. Effect of extrusion speed on welding strength of 6063 aluminum alloy pipe[J]. The Chinses Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2017, 27(9): 1775-1784.

[10]刘惠, 刘腾飞, 陈宗强, 等. 基于试验设计和响应曲面法的大型带筋薄壁铝型材挤压工艺优化[J]. 锻压技术, 2022, 47(5): 144-152.

Liu H, Liu T F, Chen Z Q, et al. Optimization of extrusion process for large thin wall aluminum profile with rib based on experimental design and response surface method[J]. Forging & Stamping Technology, 2022, 47(5): 144-152.

[11]Solomon N, Solomon I. Effect of die shape on the metal flow pattern during directextrusion process[J]. Revista de Metalurgia, 2010, 46(5): 396-404.

[12]Flitta I, Sheppard T. Material flow during the extrusion of simple and complex cross-sections using FEM[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2005, 21(6), 648-656.

[13]马国欣, 曹高旺, 邱胜宝. 基于Deform-3D的铜锌合金支架热挤压成形数值模拟[J]. 有色金属加工, 2011, 40(2): 29-31.

Ma G X, Cao G W, Qiu S B. Numerical simulation of hot extrusion forming of Cu-Zn alloy support based on Deform-3D[J]. Nonferrous Metals Processing, 2011, 40(2): 29-31.

[14]李亚智, 赵美英, 万小朋. 有限元法基础与程序设计[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2004.

Li Y Z, Zhao M Y, Wan X P. Foundation and Programming of Finite Element Method[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2004.

[15]惠恬静, 雷步芳, 贾璐, 等. 大口径厚壁无缝钢管热挤压过程中挤压力的求解[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2017, 24 (4): 110-116.

Hui T J, Lei B F, Jia L, et al. Solution of extrusion pressure in hot extrusion process of large diameter thick wall seamless steel pipe[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2017, 24 (4): 110-116.

[16]Donati L, Segatori A, Gamberoni B, et al. Extrusion benchmark 2017: Effect of die design on profile quality and distortions of thin C-shaped hollow profiles[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019, 10: 171-184.

[17]杨志高, 徐永礼, 庞祖高, 等. 基于Deform-3D方管铝合金型材等温挤压的变速挤压数值模拟[J]. 锻压技术, 2015, 40(4): 152-157.

Yang Z G, Xu Y L, Pang Z G. et al. Numerical simulation of variable speed extrusion of aluminum alloy profiles based on Deform-3D square tube isothermal extrusion[J]. Forging & Stamping Technology, 2015, 40(4): 152-157.

[18]高伟, 王雷刚, 黄瑶, 等. 基于Deform-3D的方管挤压模模桥结构优化研究[J]. 轻合金加工技术, 2017, 45(8): 40-45.

Gao W, Wang L G, Huang Y, et al. Structure optimization of square tube extrusion die bridge based on Deform-3D[J]. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 2017, 45(8): 40-45.

[19]赵茂密，姜小龙，兰天虹，等. 工艺参数对分流组合模挤压6005A铝合金型材焊合质量的影响[J]. 轻合金加工技术, 2018, 46(4): 20-25.

Zhao M M, Jiang X L, Lan T H, et al. Effect of process parameters on welding quality of 6005A aluminum alloy profile by porthole die extrusion[J]. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 2018, 46(4): 20-25.

[20]Akeret R. Properties of pressure welds in extruded aluminium alloy sections[J]. Journal of the Institute of Metals, 1972, 10: 202-208.

[21]谢建新, 刘静安. 金属挤压理论与技术[M]. 北京:冶金工业出版社, 2012.

Xie J X, Liu J A. Theory and Technology of Metal Extrusion[M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2012.

[22]惠恬静, 雷步芳, 贾璐, 等. 大口径厚壁无缝钢管热挤压过程中挤压力的求解[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2017, 24(4): 110-116.

Hui T J, Lei B F, Jia L, et al. Solution of extrusion force during hot extrusion processes for large caliber thick wall seamless steel tube[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2017, 24(4): 110-116.

[23]王忠堂, 郑洁, 张士宏, 等. 管材挤压力能参数物理模型[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2003, (4): 49-51.

Wang Z T, Zheng J, Zhang S H, et al. Physical model of extrusion force energy parameters for pipes[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2003, (4): 49-51.

服务与反馈：

【本网站尚未开通全文下载服务】【加入收藏】