锻压技术

Zr-2.5Nb合金反挤压扩孔工艺

英文标题：Backward extrusion reaming process of Zr-2.5Nb alloy

分类号：TG379

出版年,卷(期):页码：2024,49(8):73-79

摘要：

为解决Zr-2.5Nb合金挤压锭坯制备材料利用率较低的问题，通过Deform-2D有限元软件模拟分析了不同反挤压温度和反挤压速度对反挤压扩孔成形过程中的金属流动、温度场和反挤压力的影响。模拟结果表明：当反挤压速度为15~25 mm·s-1时，扩孔时锭坯的温度场较为均匀，随着反挤压速度的增大，锭坯温度场对应的温度值逐渐升高，金属流动性更好；当反挤压温度为810 ℃、反挤压速度为25 mm·s-1时，锭坯温度场的整体温差最小，随着反挤压速度的增大，反挤压力基本维持稳定。基于模拟结果，采用反挤压温度为780~810 ℃、反挤压速度为10~80 mm·s-1进行试验。结果表明：当反挤压温度分别为780和810 ℃、反挤压速度为60 mm·s-1时，不同反挤压温度对金属扩余重量无显著影响；在反挤压温度不变的情况下，随着反挤压速度的增加，金属扩余重量减少并逐步趋于稳定，当反挤压速度达到40~60 mm·s-1时，反挤压扩孔时产生的金属扩余重量较轻，材料利用率明显提高；当采用反挤压温度为780 ℃、反挤压速度为60 mm·s-1的工艺参数时，所制备的管材的组织均匀性及力学性能均略有提升。

In order to solve the problem of low material utilization rate in the preparation of Zr-2.5Nb alloy extrusion billet, the influences of different backward extrusion temperature and backward extrusion speed on metal flow, temperature field and backward extrusion force in the process of backward extrusion reaming were simulated and analyzed by finite element software Deform-2D, and the simulation results show that when the backward extrusion speed is 15-25 mm·s-1, the temperature field of billet during reaming is relatively uniform. Then, with the increasing of backward extrusion speed, the temperature value corresponding to the temperature field of billet gradually increases, and the metal fluidity become better. Furthermore, when the backward extrusion temperature is 810 ℃ and the backward extrusion speed is 25 mm·s-1, the overall temperature difference of the billet temperature field is the smallest, and with the increasing of backward extrusion speed, the backward extrusion force basically remaines stable. Finally, according to the simulation results, the extrusion test was carried out under the conditions of the backward extrusion temperature of 780-810 ℃ and the backward extrusion speed of 10-80 mm·s-1. The results show that when the backward extrusion temperature is 780 and 810 ℃, respectively, and the backward extrusion speed is 60 mm·s-1, different backward extrusion temperatures have no significant effect on the metal expansion weight. Under the constant backward extrusion temperature, with the increasing of backward extrusion speed, the weight of metal oddments decreases and gradually tends to be stable. When the backward extrusion speed reaches 40-60 mm·s-1, the weight of metal oddments generated during the backward extrusion reaming is lighter, and the material utilization rate is significantly improved. However, when the backward extrusion temperature is 780 ℃ and the backward extrusion speed is 60 mm·s-1, the microstructure uniformity and mechanical properties of the prepared pipe are slightly improved.

基金项目：

中核集团“青年英才”计划（CNNC2019QNYC-039）；陕西省秦创原“科学家＋工程师”队伍建设项目（2022-KXJ-145）

作者简介：曹康琪（1989-），男，学士，工程师 E-mail：ckqsnz462@126.com 通信作者：崔春娟（1972-），女，博士，教授 E-mail：cuichunjuan@xauat.edu.cn

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