锻压技术

15-5PH沉淀硬化不锈钢三通半管等温热成形工艺

英文标题：Isothermal forming process for 15-5PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel three-way half pipe

单位：（1.中航通飞华南飞机工业有限公司广东珠海 519000 2.伍玥航科（天津）精密制造有限公司天津 300499 3.中航通飞华北飞机工业有限公司河北石家庄 050000）

分类号：TG386

出版年,卷(期):页码：2024,49(9):50-56

摘要：

15-5PH沉淀硬化不锈钢因其优异的综合力学性能和耐腐蚀性被广泛应用于飞机部件，但由于其强度高、回弹大、变形抗力大等导致钣金零件成形困难。为解决某国产大型水陆两栖飞机汲水部分15-5PH沉淀硬化不锈钢三通半管成形困难、精度低、表面质量差和效率低等问题，首先通过单向拉伸实验获取材料在常温和不同高温下的力学性能和变形行为；然后综合考虑零件特征，利用三维软件建模，通过数值分析软件进行不同温度下的成形模拟；最终在自研的315 t等温热成形压机上进行制件。零件试制结果表明：随着温度升高，成形零件的减薄率和回弹量显著降低。零件试制验证了等温热成形数值分析的准确性以及采用等温热成形工艺加工15-5PH三通半管的可行性。该工艺有效解决了零件成形困难、表面缺陷多、工序繁琐和生产成本高的难题。

15-5PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel was widely used in aircraft parts with its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, the sheet metal parts were difficult to form due to its high strength, large springback and high deformation resistance. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of difficult forming, low precision, poor surface quality and low efficiency of 15-5PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel three-way half pipe in the water intake part of a large domestic amphibious aircraft, the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of the material at room temperature and different high temperatures were first obtained by uniaxial tensile tests. Then, taking into account the characteristics of the parts, the model was performed by 3D software, and the forming simulation at different temperatures was conducted by numerical analysis. Finally, the parts were manufactured by the self-developed 315 t isothermal forming press. The trial production results of part show that with the increasing of temperature, the thinning rate and springback amount of the formed parts significantly decrease. The accuracy of numerical analysis for isothermal forming and the feasibility of using isothermal forming process for processing 15-5PH three-way half pipe are verified by the

trial production of the parts. This process effectively solves the problems of difficult forming, multiple surface defects, cumbersome processes and high production costs in the forming of the part.

基金项目：

作者简介：冯万喜（1974-），男，硕士，研究员级高级工程师 E-mail：fengwanxi_caiga@163.com 通信作者：王子荣（1990-），男，硕士，工程师 E-mail：16602673196@163.com

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