锻压技术

固溶态304奥氏体不锈钢的氢脆行为

英文标题：Hydrogen embrittlement behavior on solid solution 304 austenitic stainless steel

分类号：TG142.71

出版年,卷(期):页码：2024,49(11):189-201

摘要：

对具有均质奥氏体组织的固溶态304 奥氏体不锈钢（ASS）的静态及动态微观组织演变与氢之间的交互关系进行了研究。固溶态ASS的氢脆敏感性较低，抗氢脆性能较好，但强度低，适用于对抗氢脆性能要求比较高但对强度要求不高的情况。通过原位拉伸实验揭示了拉伸变形促进α′-马氏体转变，而氢作为缺陷降低了层错能，进一步促进了α′-马氏体的转变，α′-马氏体在孪晶界和滑移带的位置形核。固溶态ASS充氢拉断后，边部脆性断口为河流状解理断裂和撕裂棱准解理断裂，氢一方面促进了马氏体相变，另一方面增强了材料孪晶界处的应力集中和应变局部化，拉伸过程中微裂纹沿α′-马氏体的形核位置即孪晶界萌生和扩展，同时促进裂纹尖端的位错运动，导致材料断裂。

The interaction between the static and dynamic microstructure evolution of solid solution 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) with homogeneous austenitic structure and hydrogen was studied. The results show that solid solution ASS has low sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement and good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, but low strength, making it suitable for situations where high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement is required, but low strength is not. Then, through in-situ tensile experiments, it is revealed that tensile deformation promoted α′-martensite transformation, while hydrogen is used as a defect to reduce the layer fault energy, further promoting α′-martensite transformation, which nucleates at the twin boundary and slip bands. After the hydrogen charging and tensile fracture of solid solution ASS, the brittle fracture at the edge is river shaped cleavage fracture and tearing edge quasi-cleavage fracture. On the one hand, hydrogen promotes the martensitic transformation, and enhances the stress concentration and the strain localization at the twin boundary of the material on the other hand. During the tensile process, micro-cracks initiates and propagate along the nucleation position of α′-martensite, that is, the twin boundary, while promoting the dislocation movement at the crack tip, leading to the material fracture.

基金项目：

山西省高等学校科技创新项目（2024L592）；山西工程职业学院2024年度揭榜挂帅课题（KY2024-1）；山西省科技计划青年科学研究项目（202303021212306）；2023 年山西省职业教育教学改革与实践研究项目（202301005）；山西工程职业学院校企合作课题（XQ2022-01）

作者简介：张慧云（1987-），女，博士，副教授 E-mail：245883278@qq.com

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