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Abstract：
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Finite element analysis of metal forming processes is predominantly treated by the updated Lagrangian formulation in which the mesh moves and deforms in space,in accordance with the deformation history of the material.However,the steady-state deformation characteristics of some metal forming processes,such as extrusion,drawing and rolling,can be advantageously analyzed using a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation.In this paper cold forward extrusion of rods is analyzed using both the updated Lagrangian and the combined Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element formulations.The numerical results obtained with the two formulations are discussed and compared with experimental data obtained from metal experiments carried out with steel rods. In what concerns the extrusion load curve results demonstrate that it can be predicted more accurately using a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element formulation.
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Reference：
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