In order to explore the influences of different laser shock peening parameters on residual stress distribution and obtain the expected residual stress distribution, laser shock peening was simulated by finite element software ABAQUS under different peak pressures, shock times, sizes of the beam spot and overlapping rates for aluminium 7075. The result of numerical simulation indicates that the surface residual compressive stress increases with the increase of peak pressure, and the surface residual stress attains its maximum when the peak pressure reaches a fixed value. However, the surface and inner residual stresses also increase with the increase of beam spot size and shock times under the constant peak pressure. Thus, the surface residual stress increases with the increase of overlapping rate, and its fluctuation tends to the minimum when the overlapping rate increases.