锻压技术

锻造及热处理工艺对20CrMoH钢组织与性能的影响

英文标题：Influence of forging and heat treatment on the microstructure and property of steel 20CrMoH

作者：眭小利

单位：常州轻工职业技术学院

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2015,40(9):7-10

摘要：

针对20CrMoH齿轮材料应用在电动汽车和工程机械变速箱产品中的齿轮设计与制造问题，研究了锻造、热处理工艺对20CrMoH齿轮钢材料组织和力学性能的影响。通过锻造、预备热处理和渗碳淬火全过程的系统联动控制等工艺方法，对20CrMoH钢进行试验分析与研究。结果表明：将锻造比控制在4以内，且镦粗比≥1.5，拔长比≤2.5，可消除带状组织，有效改善材料组织和力学性能；选择正火温度区间为890～930 ℃，渗碳后直接淬火和二次淬火扩散碳势为0.70%～0.85%，强扩比为1∶1，可以得到良好的金相组织和力学性能，保证合理的硬度梯度分布，以满足20CrMoH钢的齿轮零件质量要求。

For the issues of gear design and manufacturing with gear material 20CrMoH used in the gearbox of electric vehicles and construction machinery, the influences of forging and heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gear steel 20CrMoH were studied. A series of experiment analysis and research of steel 20CrMoH were set up on forging with pre-heat treatment, carburizing and quenching by means of the linkage control system. The results show that it can eliminate the banded structure can be eliminaled and the material microstructure and mechanical properties of steel 20CrMoH can be effectively improve when the forging ratio is controlled less than 4, the upsetting forging ratio is more than or equal to 1.5 and the stretching ratio is less than or equal to 2.5. The good metallographic structure, mechanical properties and reasonable hardness gradient distribution can be obtained when the best normalizing temperature range is 890-930 ℃, the carbon potential of diffusion of direct quenching after carburizing and double quenching is 0.70%-0.85%, and the strong expansion ratio is 1∶1, which can meet the quality requirements of steel 20CrMoH gear parts.

基金项目：

江苏省高等职业院校高级访问工程师计划资助项目（2013FG015）

眭小利（1970－），女，本科，副教授，高级工程师

参考文献：

［1］GB/T 226—1991,钢的低倍组织及缺陷酸蚀检验法[S].GB/T 226—1991,Etch test for macrostructure and defect of steels[S].
［2］GB/T 1979—2001,结构钢低倍组织缺陷评级图[S].GB/T 1979—2001,Standard diagrams for macrostructure and defect of structural steels[S].
［3］GB/T 10561—2005, 钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定—标准评级图显微检验法[S].GB/T 10561—2005, Steel-determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions—Micrographic method using standards diagrams [S].
［4］GB/T 6394—2002,金属平均晶粒度测定法[S].GB/T 6394—2002, Metal—methods for estimating the average grain size[S].
［5］蔡珣．材料科学与工程基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社，2010．Cai X．Materials Science and Engineering Foundation[M].Shanghai: Shanghai Transport University Press，2010.
［6］霍中雪，高锦张，贾俐俐．轴类零件冷镦成形的预成形工步设计及优化[J]. 锻压技术，2012，37 （4）: 22-29. Huo Z X，Gao J Z，Jia L L． Preform step design and optimization of cold forming for axial parts[J].Forging ＆ Stamping Technology，2012，37 （4）: 22-29.
［7］向小琴，喻涛. 锻造工艺对钢中组织偏析的改善[J]. 锻压技术，2014，39（1）：11-13.Xiang X Q，Yu T. Segregation improvement in steel by changing forging technology[J]. Forging ＆ Stamping Technology，2014，39（1）: 11-13.
［8］高金柱，顾敏，王爱香，等. 常用典型齿轮钢渗碳层的组织与性能[J]. 机械工程材料，2012，36（2）：49-51.Gao J Z，Gu M，Wang A X，et al. Microstructure and property of carbonization layer in common and typical gear steels[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering，2012，36（2）：49-51.
［9］郭吉惠，宋建萍. 20CrMoH钢奥氏体化时的晶粒长大行为[J]. 热处理，2010，25（6）：36-39.Guo J H，Song J P. Grain growth behavior of 20crmoh steel during austenitizing[J]. Heat Treatment，2010，25（6）：36-39.
［10］解平扣. 20CrMoH钢锻件带状组织的消除及其硬度控制[J]. 热处理，2006，21（2）：64-65.Xie P K. Elimination of banded structure in forgings of 20crmoh steel and its hardness control[J]. Heat Treatment，2006，21（2）：64-65.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】