锻压技术

304不锈钢壳变薄拉深的组织结构与性能

英文标题：Microstructure and properties of stainless steel shell 304 in the ironing process

单位：广东工业大学

分类号：

出版年,卷(期):页码：2016,41(1):32-37

摘要：

借助X射线衍射、显微组织、维氏硬度和切环残余应力分析研究了304不锈钢壳各道次变薄拉深制件的组织结构与性能。结果表明：随着304不锈钢壳变形变薄量的增加，直壁形变诱发α′马氏体转变量增加，变薄拉深后最终α′马氏体相占主导地位，无hcp结构ε马氏体的形成；显微组织呈现出晶粒越细长，板条状马氏体越多，在第三道变薄拉深后板条马氏体呈现一定的方向性，晶粒被拉长为纤维状组织；硬度从323.7 HV增加到400.8 HV；从落料拉深到第一道变薄拉深制件直壁的残余应力降低了48.5%，但后续的第二道和第三道变薄拉深后，其残余应力增幅分别为23%、16.7%。随着拉深成形的进行，304不锈钢壳强度增加，塑性降低，切向残余应力也逐渐增大，可能出现掉底、纵向开裂等缺陷，因此工艺设计时应严格控制变形量和拉深道次。

Microstructure and properties of stainless steel shell 304 for each-stage ironing were studied by means of XRD, microstructure, Vivtorinox hardness, cutting ring residual stress. The results show that, with the increasing amount of deformation and thinning, the deformation on the cylinder wall induces α′-martensite to increase quickly. The α′-martensite phase is dominant after ironing without the hcp structure of ε-martensite. The more elongate in microstructure of grains shows, the more lath martensite is. After the third-stage ironing, lath martensite presents a certain direction, and the grains are elongated as fibrous tissue. The hardness on the vertical wall increases from 323.7 HV to 400.8 HV. Tangential residual stress of the parts decreases by 48.5% from the deep drawing to the first-stage ironing. But the second-stage ironing and the third-stage ironing increase in the tangential residual stress up to 23%, 16.7% respectively. With the deep drawing of the stainless steel shell 304, the strength increases, the ductility decreases, and the tangential residual stress increases gradually. The defects including bottom off and longitudinal crack are likely to happen. So the degree of deformation and the amount of drawing passes should be strictly controlled in the process design.

基金项目：

广东省战略性新兴产业项目（2012A090100014）

白建雄（1990-），男，硕士研究生

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