锻压技术

ECAP挤压道次对6061铝合金力学性能及耐磨性的影响

英文标题：Influences of ECAP pass on mechanical properties and wear resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy

作者：张翔王晓溪张德坤张磊肖旭

单位：（1. 中国矿业大学机电工程学院江苏徐州 221116 2. 徐州工程学院机电工程学院江苏徐州 221018 3.高端工程机械智能制造国家重点实验室江苏徐州 221004）

分类号：TG376；TG113

出版年,卷(期):页码：2019,44(2):61-66

摘要：

采用等通道转角挤压（Equal Channel Angular Pressing，ECAP）工艺，在110 ℃下对6061铝合金进行4道次挤压变形。借助显微硬度测试、室温拉伸试验和断口SEM分析，研究了挤压道次对6061铝合金力学性能的影响规律；通过摩擦磨损试验，获得了不同挤压道次下6061铝合金的摩擦系数以及磨损率，并对磨损表面进行了形貌观察和EDS能谱分析。结果表明：随着挤压道次的增加，6061铝合金硬度和强度逐渐增加，且前两个道次增幅最大，4道次变形后，材料晶粒得到显著细化，显微硬度和抗拉强度分别达到了93.4 HV和250.2 MPa；同时，显微硬度分布趋于均匀，材料塑性降低，拉伸断口表现出明显的韧性断裂特征。随着挤压道次的增加，6061铝合金耐磨性能和抗氧化能力均得到显著提升，平均摩擦系数和平均磨损率逐渐降低，分别从1道次的0.457、0.028 mm3·m-1下降到4道次的0.355、0.014 mm3·m-1。ECAP变形后6061铝合金磨损机制是以磨粒磨损和氧化剥层磨损为主导的混合磨损机制。

The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process was used, the fourpass extrusion deformation of 6061 aluminum alloy was conducted at 110 ℃, and the influences of ECAP passes on mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy were investigated by the micro hardness measurements, tensile tests at room temperature and fracture analysis (SEM). Then, the friction coefficient and wear rate of 6061 aluminum alloy under different ECAP passes were obtained by frictionwear test, and the wear surface morphology observation and energy spectrum analysis of specimen were conducted. The results show that with the increase of ECAP passes, the micro hardness and tensile strength of 6061 aluminum alloy increase，and the largest increase takes place in the first two passes. After four passes of ECAP, the grain size of material is refined significantly，and the micro hardness and tensile strength are up to 93.4 HV and 250.2 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the micro hardness distribution tends to be more uniform, and the material shows lower plasticity with ductile fracture. With the increase of ECAP passes, the wear resistance and oxidation resistance are greatly improved，and the average friction coefficient and wear rate decrease from 0.457, 0.028 mm3·m-1 of the first pass to 0.355, 0.014 mm3·m-1 of the fourth pass, respectively. Thus, the wear mechanism of 6061 aluminum alloy after ECAP process is a mixed wear mechanism dominated by abrasive wear and oxidation wear.

基金项目：

基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973) (2014CB046303)；江苏省高校自然科学研究项目（17KJB430031）；徐州市科技计划项目（KC16SG279、KC16GZ015）

作者简介：张翔（1986-），男，博士，工程师 Email：vip525@163.com 通讯作者：张德坤（1971-），男，博士，教授 Email：dkzhang@cumt.edu.cn

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