锻压技术

汽车转向轴齿磨削裂纹产生的机理及预防措施

英文标题：Mechanism and preventive measures on grinding cracks for automobile steering shaft tooth

作者：张义帅孙红星张超刘华

分类号：TG113.1；TG142.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2019,44(7):92-96

摘要：

采用化学成分分析、显微组织分析、显微硬度测试相结合的方法，对汽车转向轴齿渗碳后磨削产生裂纹的原因进行了分析。结果表明：转向轴齿磨削过程中产生裂纹主要是因为齿面产生了严重的二次淬火烧伤和磨削烧伤，表层形成了二次淬火马氏体和回火屈氏体组织；磨削过程中所产生的热应力和材料相变所产生的组织应力使齿面呈现拉应力状态，当局部应力超过了材料的抗拉强度时，磨削表面就会出现裂纹。对转向轴齿热处理工艺、磨削工艺参数进行了调整，避免了磨削裂纹的产生，根据液压助力转向系统齿轮齿条的啮合原理，提出了转向轴齿齿根不进行磨削的齿轮加工设计思路。

For the grinding cracks of automobile steering shaft tooth after carburizing, the produced causes were analyzed by combining chemical composition analysis, micro-structural analysis and micro-hardness test. The results show that the cracks in the grinding process of steering shaft tooth are mainly caused by severe secondary quenching burn and grinding burn on the tooth surface as well as the secondary quenching martensite and tempered troostite formed on the surface. Furthermore, the tooth surface presents a tensile stress state under the combined action of the thermal stress produced during the grinding process and the tissue stress produced by the phase transformation of material, and the cracks appear on the grinding surface when the local stress exceeds the tensile strength of material. Thus, the heat treatment process and grinding process parameters of steering shaft tooth were adjusted to avoid the grinding cracks. Finally, according to the meshing principle of the rack and pinion of hydraulic power steering system, the design idea of the root of steering shaft tooth without grinding was proposed.

基金项目：

郑州市重大科技专项（152PZDZX007）

张义帅（1984-），男，博士研究生，E-mail：zhangyishuai@bit.edu.cn；通讯作者：刘华（1962-），男，博士，研究员，E-mail：pformdept@163.com

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