锻压技术

3Cr2W8V钢热作模具开裂原因分析

英文标题：Analysis on cracking reasons of hotworking die for 3Cr2W8V steel

作者：吉国强邓炽恒于丽娟

单位：广东省测试分析研究所（中国广州分析测试中心）广东省质量监督紧固件检验站（韶关）

分类号：TG147

出版年,卷(期):页码：2019,44(8):150-157

摘要：

采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、金相显微镜和冲击试验机等分析设备，观察和检测了3Cr2W8V钢热作模具失效件及正常件的断口形貌、金相组织及冲击韧性等。结果表明：由于模具原材料前期冶炼不当，造成元素偏析严重，组织不均匀，出现较多带状分布的碳化物；同时，由于冶炼后期添加稀土元素操作不当而导致非金属夹杂物B类级别超标，材料脆性显著增强；失效件的冲击吸收能量为25.7 J，远低于正常件的冲击吸收能量127.5 J；从而导致模具在服役过程中，在内腔侧应力集中处出现早期裂纹，裂纹产生后发生短暂的疲劳扩展，然后快速扩展直至断裂，造成模具件过早断裂失效。

The fracture morphology, metallurgical structure and impact toughness of failure parts and normal parts for hotworking die of 3Cr2W8V steel were observed and tested by SEM, EDS, metallographic microscope, impact testing machine and other analytical equipments. The test results show that the raw materials of die smelted improperly in the early stage results in serious segregation of elements, uneven tissue and appearing more banded carbides. At the same time, the improper operation of adding rare earth elements in the later stage of smelting causes the nonmetallic inclusions sort of B level to exceed, and the brittleness of material is significantly enhanced. However, the impact absorption energy of failure parts is 25.7 J, which is far lower than 127.5 J of the normal parts. Thus, when the die is in service, the early cracks appear at the stress concentration area on the inner cavity side of the die, and the shortterm fatigue expansion occurs after crack generation, and then rapidly expands until fracture to cause early failure of the die.

基金项目：

广东省省级科技计划项目（2016B020211004）

作者简介：吉国强(1984-)，男，硕士，工程师 E-mail：267266441@qq.com

参考文献：

[1] 刘雪燕. 3Cr2W8V钢模具开裂分析[J].热处理, 2009, 24(1):67-70.

Liu X Y. Analysis on fracture of 3Cr2W8V steel die[J]. Heat Treatment, 2009, 24(1):67-70.

[2]叶卫平.实用钢铁材料金相检验[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012.

Ye W P. Metallographic Examination of Practical Iron and Steel Materials[M].Beijing: China Machine Press,2012

[3] 何柏林, 缪燕平. 3Cr2W8V 钢热作模具的失效形式及分析[J]. 热加工工艺, 2007, 36(21):73-76.

He B L, Miu Y P. Invalid patterns and failure analysis of hot die of 3Cr2W8V steel[J].Hot Working Technology, 2007, 36(21):73-76.

[4] GB/T 24594—2009,优质合金模具钢[S].

GB/T 24594—2009, Quality alloy mould steels [S].

[5] 覃宁.Cr12类型钢制冷作模具失效分析研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.

Qin N. The Research on the Failure Analysis of Cr12 Type Cold Working Mould Steels Mould[D]. Guangzhou: Institutes of Technology of South China, 2010.

[6] GB/T 10561—2005,钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定[S].

GB/T 10561—2005, Steeldetermination of content of nonmetallic inclusionsMicrographic method using standards diagrams [S].

[7] GB/T 18254—2016,高碳铬轴承钢[S].

GB/T 18254—2016, Highcarbon chromium bearing steel[S].

[8] 陈君才.金属构件失效分析[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1987.

Chen J C. Failure Analysis of Metal Components[M].Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Press,1987.

[9] JY/T 010—1996,分析型扫描电子显微镜方法通则[S].

JY/T 010—1996, General rules for analytical scanning electron microscopy [S].

[10]郭洪飞,郝新. 稀土La对3Cr2W8V热作模具钢组织和性能的影响[J]. 铸造技术,2006, 27(12):1338-1341.

Guo H F, Hao X. Effect of rare earth La on the structure and properties of 3Cr2W8V hot work die steel[J]. Foundry Technology, 2006, 27(12):1338-1341.

[11]金林奎,黄持伟,阮育煌,等.2510钢塑料模具滑块座端面开裂剥落失效分析[J].理化检验：物理分册, 2017, 53(8):590-594.

Jin L K, Huang C W, Ruan Y H，et al. 2510 steel plastic mold slider block crack reason analysis[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part A:Physical Testing,2017,53(8):590-594.

[12]张洪奎,刘笑莲. 国内热作模具钢发展概况[J]. 热处理, 2003, 18(2):52-58.

Zhang H K, Liu X L. Development of hot working die steels in China[J]. Heat Treatment, 2003,18(2):52-58.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】