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摘要：
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为提高采用选区激光熔化技术制备316L不锈钢的致密度，设计影响致密度的主要工艺参数（激光功率和激光扫描速度）进行优化实验，并借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜分析了激光功率和激光扫描速度对孔隙、裂纹和气泡的影响。引入线能量密度，综合表征了工艺参数对致密度的影响，建立了适用于桌面式金属3D打印机的316L不锈钢致密度的预测数学模型。结果表明：激光功率和激光扫描速度对成形件的致密度具有显著的影响，线能量密度在175~250 J·m-1范围内时，316L不锈钢成形件的致密度达到99.95%以上；激光功率为200 W、激光扫描速度为900 mm·s-1时，致密度达到99.98%。
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In order to improve the relative density of 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting, the experiment was designed to optimize the main technological parameters (laser power and laser scanning speed) affecting the relative density, and the influences of laser power and laser scanning velocity on porosity, cracks and bubbles were analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Then, the influences of process parameters on the relative density were characterized comprehensively by introducing the linear energy density, and a predictive mathematical model of relative density of 316L stainless steel for desktop metal 3D printer was established. The results show that the laser power and laser scanning speed have a significant effect on the relative density of formed parts. When the linear energy density is 175-250 J·m-1, the relative density of formed parts for 316L stainless steel is over 99.95%, and when the laser power is 200 W and the laser scanning speed is 900 mm·s-1, the relative density is up to 99.98%.
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基金项目：
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2019年安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2019A1157)；2019年安徽省高校优秀拔尖人才培育资助项目(gxgnfx2019100)；2019年哈工大-安徽春谷高端金属材料联合研发中心开放课题（HITCG2018100）
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作者简介：
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潘露（1986-），男，硕士，讲师，E-mail：ahjdpanlu@126.com
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