锻压技术

H13钢热锻模开裂失效原因分析

英文标题：Analysis on cracking failure cause of hot forging die for H13 steel

作者：陈建礼张晓琨

分类号：TG142

出版年,卷(期):页码：2019,44(12):109-113

摘要：

采用Leica光学显微镜、438VP/KEVEX扫描电镜/能谱仪、AMH43自动显微硬度计分别对热锻模裂纹处的非金属夹杂物、显微组织、化学组成和显微硬度等项目进行了检测分析。同时，结合模具的锻造方法、坯料加热、锻造温度、锻后冷却、退火等热加工过程和模具的淬火、回火、表面氮化热处理，以及模具的工作环境、使用过程等，对热锻模开裂失效机理进行了系统分析。研究结果表明：H13钢热锻模的钢质纯净度较高，显微组织较为均匀，热锻模的开裂非原材料质量问题造成的；热锻模的裂纹处无脱碳现象，但存在氮化层，说明开裂发生在热锻模淬火后、渗氮前；热锻模淬火后，由于回火不充分或未及时回火造成组织应力及残余应力较大而产生开裂。

The nonmetallic inclusion, microstructure, chemical composition and micro-hardness at the crack of hot forging die were detected and analyzed by Leica optical microscope, 438VP/KEVEX scanning electron microscope/energy spectrometer and AMH43 automatic micro-hardness tester. At the same time, combined with the forging method of die, billet heating, forging temperature, cooling after forging, annealing and other hot working processes, and the quenching, tempering, surface nitriding and other heat treatment of die, as well as the working environment and using process of die, the cracking failure mechanism of the hot forging die was systematically analyzed.The results show that the hot forging die of H13 steel has high purity and uniform microstructure, and the cracking is not caused by the quality problems of raw materials. However, there is nitriding layer at the crack of hot forging die without decarburization, which indicates that the cracking occurs after quenching and before nitriding of the hot forging die, and after the hot forging die is quenched, the cracking occurs due to the large structural stress and residual stress caused by insufficient tempering or not tempering in time.

基金项目：

陈建礼（1968-），男，学士，教授级高级工程师 E-mail：chenjl@tisco.com.cn

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