锻压技术

挤压与时效处理对建筑铝型材微观结构与力学性能的影响

英文标题：Effect of extrusion and aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of building aluminum profiles

作者：杨洁卢生秦二丽

分类号：TG146.2

出版年,卷(期):页码：2020,45(10):185-191

摘要：

采用等通道转角挤压（ECAP）和时效热处理相结合的方法制备了高强塑性建筑铝型材，研究了等通道转角挤压+时效态AlMgSi合金的微观结构和力学性能的变化规律。结果表明：室温ECAP+时效处理和110~191 ℃ ECAP+时效处理的AlMgSi合金的平均晶粒尺寸介于102~176 nm，晶粒尺寸较为细小；AlMgSi合金在等通道转角挤压+时效处理过程中会析出大量的β″相和β′相；经过等通道转角挤压+时效处理后，AlMgSi合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度相较于固溶态和T6态均有所增大，而断后伸长率相较于固溶态降低；随着时效温度的升高，ECAP+时效态AlMgSi合金的强度和断后伸长率均呈现先增加、后减小的特征，110 ℃ ECAP+时效态试样具有最高的强度和较高的断后伸长率，170 ℃ ECAP+时效态试样具有最大的断后伸长率和较高的强度，这主要与等通道转角挤压+时效处理过程中的晶粒细化、位错强化和析出相的弥散强化作用有关。

The high-strength plastic building aluminum profiles were prepared by the method of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and aging heat treatment, and the change laws of microstructure and mechanical properties for Al-Mg-Si alloy with ECAP + aging were studied. The results show that the average grain size of Al-Mg-Si alloy treated by ECAP at room temperature and aging and ECAP at 110-191 ℃ and aging is 102-176 nm, which is relatively small, and a lot of β″ and β′ phases of Al-Mg-Si alloy are precipitated in the process of ECAP and aging treatment. After ECAP and aging treatment, the tensile strength and the yield strength of Al-Mg-Si alloy increase compared with the solid solution and T6 states, while the elongation decreases compared with the solid solution state. With the increasing of aging temperature, the strength and elongation of ECAP+aged Al-Mg-Si alloy increase first and then decrease, the ECAP+aged sample at 110 ℃ has the highest strength and higher elongation, and the ECAP+aged sample at 170 ℃ has the highest elongation and higher strength, which are mainly related to grain refinement, dislocation strengthening and precipitation dispersion strengthening during ECAP and aging treatment.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51571083)；湖北省教育厅指导性项目(B2018477)

杨洁（1981-），女，硕士，副教授 E-mail：yangka512@163.com

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