锻压技术

退火温度和冷却方式对430不锈钢显微组织与性能的影响

英文标题：Influence of annealing temperature and cooling method on microstructure and properties for 430 stainless steel

作者：张泽佳褚兴彪

单位：北部湾大学广西大学

分类号：TG335; TG142.71

出版年,卷(期):页码：2022,47(5):195-203

摘要：

采用扫描电镜、拉伸试验机、硬度计和浸泡腐蚀等手段，研究了退火温度（835~1095 ℃）和冷却方式（水冷和空冷）对430不锈钢显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明：在低温区退火（835~875 ℃）、空冷和水冷方式下，430不锈钢组织中可见沿着轧制方向分布的铁素体晶粒,以及晶界处断续分布的颗粒状(Fe,Cr)23C6型碳化物；在高温区退火（945~1095 ℃）、空冷和水冷方式下，430不锈钢组织中可见铁素体、马氏体以及数量相对更少的(Fe,Cr)23C6型碳化物。低温区退火试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度明显低于高温区退火试样，而断后伸长率明显大于后者；945~1045 ℃退火后的试样腐蚀速率较小，且水冷方式下退火试样的腐蚀速率均小于相同退火温度下空冷方式的退火试样。最终确定了430不锈钢适宜的退火温度为945 ℃、冷却方式为水冷，此时430不锈钢具有良好的强塑性和耐腐蚀性能。

The influences of annealing temperature (835-1095 ℃) and cooling method (water cooling and air cooling) on microstructure and properties for 430 stainless steel were studied by means of SEM, tensile tester, hardness tester and immersion corrosion and so on. The results show that when annealing at the low temperature (835-875 ℃), the ferrite grains distributed along the rolling direction and granular (Fe,Cr)23C6 carbide intermittently distributed at the grain boundaries can be seen in 430 stainless steel structure under air cooling and water cooling modes, and when annealing at the high temperature (945-1095 ℃), the ferrite, martensite and relatively few (Fe,Cr)23C6 carbide can be seen in 430 stainless steel structure under air cooling and water cooling modes. The tensile strength and yield strength of samples annealed at the low temperature are significantly lower than that of samples annealed at the high temperature, while the elongation is significantly greater than that under the latter. Moreover, the corrosion rate after annealing at 945-1045 ℃ is small, and the corrosion rate of the annealed samples under the water cooling mode is lower than that under the air cooling mode at the same annealing temperature. Finally, it is confirmed that the suitable annealing temperature of 430 stainless steel is 945 ℃, and the cooling mode is water cooling. At this time,the 430 stainless steel has good strong plasticity and corrosion resistance.

基金项目：

广西本科高校特色专业及实验实训建设项目（桂教高教［2018］52号）；广西创新驱动发展专项项目（2019AA21036）

作者简介：张泽佳（1982-），男，硕士，副教授，E-mail：11157349@qq.com

参考文献：

[1]李文琪, 鲁辉虎,骆毅,等.热轧压下量对430铁素体不锈钢组织与力学性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2019,48(19):39-42,47.

Li W Q，Lu H H，Luo Y，et al. Effect of hot rolling reduction on microstructure/precipitated phase and mechanical properties of 430 ferritic stainless steel[J].Hot Working Technology，2019,48（19）：39-42,47.

[2]刘后龙, 马明玉,刘玲玲,等.热轧板退火工艺对19Cr2Mo1W铁素体不锈钢织构与成形性能的影响[J].金属学报,2019,55(5): 566-574.

Liu H L, Ma M Y, Liu L L, et al. Effect of hot band annealing process on texture and formability of 19Cr2Mo1W ferritic stainless steel [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2019,55 (5): 566-574.

[3]李筱, 卫英慧,卫争艳,等. 退火工艺对铁素体不锈钢SUS410L热轧钢板组织和性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2019,40(2):63-66.

Li X, Wei Y H, Wei Z Y, et al. Effect of anneal process on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot rolled ferritic stainless steel SUS410L[J]. Special Steel, 2019,40 (2): 63-66.

[4]潘先明, 万五霞,杜坤,等.预热处理工艺对13Cr马氏体不锈钢无缝钢管调质后组织和力学性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2019, 48(4): 248-250.

Pan X M, Wan W X, Du K, et al. Effect of preheat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 13Cr martensite stainless steel seamless tube after quenching and tempering [J]. Hot Working Technology, 2019, 48 (4): 248-250.

[5]Ran C, Cheng Y, Meng X, et al. Microstructure and properties of heat treated 1Cr17Ni4MoB steel fabricated by laser melting deposition[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2018, 108:59-68.

[6]黄磊, 孙艳君,吴昊.退火工艺对建筑装潢用不锈钢组织与性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2020,44(12):47-52.

Huang L, Sun Y J, Wu H. Effect of annealing process on microstructure and properties of stainless steel applied in architectural decoration [J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2020,44 (12): 47-52.

[7]Lu H H, Li W Q, Du L Y, et al. The effects of martensitic transformation and (Fe,Cr)23C6 precipitation on the properties of transformable ferritic stainless steel [J]. Materials Science & Engineering：A, 2019,754:502-511.

[8]GB/T 228.1—2010，金属材料拉伸试验第1部分：室温试验方法[S].

GB/T 228.1—2010, Metallic materials—Tensile testing—Part 1: Method of test at room temperature[S].

[9]Zou D N, Han Y, Zhang W, et al. Phase transformation and its effects on mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2010, 17(11):67-72.

[10]祝家祺, 谭谆礼,张敏,等.钒和铬对贝氏体车轮钢回火组织与性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2020,44(9):957-966.

Zhu J Q, Tan Z L, Zhang M, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of tempered bainitic railway wheel steels with addition of V and Cr[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2020,44 (9): 957-966.

[11]Papula S, Song M, Pateras A, et al. Selective laser melting of duplex stainless steel 2205: Effect of post-processing heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(15): 2468-2473.

[12]武敏, 李国平,邹勇,等.退火温度对441铁素体不锈钢组织性能的影响[J].钢铁,2021,56(1):97-103.

Wu M, Li G P, Zou Y, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel 441[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021,56 (1): 97-103.

[13]Guo M X, Zhu J, Yi L, et al. Effects of precipitation and strain-induced martensitic transformation of Fe-C phases on the mechanical properties of Cu-Fe-C alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2017, 697:119-125.

[14]孙海霞, 邢健,薛晶晶,等.固溶温度对AISI 302奥氏体不锈钢显微组织及晶间腐蚀性能的影响[J].材料保护,2019,52(6): 157-160.

Sun H X, Xing J, Xue J J, et al. Effect of solution temperature on microstructure and intergranular corrosion properties of AISI 302 austenitic stainless steel [J]. Materials Protection, 2019,52 (6): 157-160.

[15]向红亮, 刘春育,邓丽萍,等.固溶温度对节约型双相不锈钢组织及性能的影响[J].材料导报, 2019,33(16): 2759-2764.

Xiang H L, Liu C Y, Deng L P, et al. Effect of solution temperature on microstructure and properties of economical duplex stainless steel [J]. Material Guide, 2019,33 (16): 2759-2764.

[16]Gholami M, Hoseinpoor M, Moayed M H. A statistical study on the effect of annealing temperature on pitting corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel[J]. Corrosion Science, 2015, 94:156-164.

[17]Parnian P, Parsa M H, Mirzadeh H, et al. Effect of drawing strain on development of martensitic transformation and mechanical properties in AISI 304L stainless steel wire[J]. Steel Research International, 2017, 88(8):160-163.

[18]Nigon G N, Isgor B O, Pasebani S. The effect of annealing on the selective laser melting of 2205 duplex stainless steel: Microstructure, grain orientation, and manufacturing challenges[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2021, 134: 106643-106650.

[19]Zhang J T, Hu X J, Lin P, et al. Effect of solution annealing on the microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel[J]. Materials and Corrosion, 2019, 70(4):676-687.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】