锻压技术

SUS430F不锈钢轴冷拔加工开裂机理

英文标题：Cracking mechanism on SUS430F stainless steel shaft by cold drawing process

作者：耿曌杰高玉周詹明阳李晓旭

单位：大连海事大学

分类号：TG156

出版年,卷(期):页码：2023,48(2):142-148

摘要：

针对SUS430F不锈钢轴在冷拔校直工序后开裂的问题，对开裂试样的宏观形貌、微观形貌、化学成分、金相组织和力学性能进行了检测和分析，并结合有限元分析结果查明了开裂的原因。检测结果表明：SUS430F不锈钢轴的化学成分和力学性能不满足技术要求，组织及第二相的分布情况不理想；有限元分析结果表明：冷拔工序中棒料与模具工作区接触的区域存在较大的应力集中，当应力超过临界应力时，在近材料表面处的第二相与铁素体基体界面处会萌生孔洞与微裂纹，在后续冷拔及校直工序中，微裂纹与孔洞在应力的作用下逐渐长大、聚集、扩展，最终发生了开裂。

In view of the cracking accident of SUS430F stainless steel shaft after cold drawing and straightening process, the macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology, chemical composition, metallographic structure and mechanical properties of cracking samples were detected and analyzed, and combining with the results of finite element analysis, the reason of cracking was found out. The test results show that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of SUS430F stainless steel shaft do not meet the technical requirements, and the distribution of microstructure and the second phase is not ideal. Finite element analysis results show that in the cold drawing process, there is a larger stress concentration in the contact area between bar and working area of mold. When the stress exceeds the critical stress, voids and micro-cracks are initiated at the interface between the second phase and the ferrite matrix near the surface of the material. In the subsequent process of cold drawing and straightening, the micro-cracks and voids gradually grow, gather and expand under the action of stress, and eventually a cracking occurs.

基金项目：

作者简介：耿曌杰(1998-),男,硕士研究生，E-mail：784376327@qq.com；通信作者：高玉周(1967-),男,博士,副教授，E-mail：gaoyz@dlmu.edu.cn

参考文献：

[1]任娟红, 刘天增, 喻大刚, 等. SUS430铁素体不锈钢冷轧工艺研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2015, 44(13): 160-162.

Ren J H, Liu T Z, Yu D G, et al. Research on cold rolling process of SUS430 ferrite stainless steel[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2015, 44(13): 160-162.

[2]杨文, 张彦辉, 张立峰, 等. 硬线钢拉拔断裂机理及连铸工艺优化[J]. 钢铁, 2021, 56(9): 74-79，87.

Yang W, Zhang Y H, Zhang L F, et al. Mechanism of drawing fracture of hard wire steel and optimization of continuous casting process[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(9): 74-79，87.

[3]马正伟, 李贵波. 303Cu不锈钢在拉拔及机加工时开裂原因[J]. 理化检验-物理分册, 2022, 58(2): 49-52.

Ma Z W, Li G B. Reasons for cracking of 303Cu stainless steel during drawing and machining[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis-Part A: Physical Testing, 2022, 58(2): 49-52.

[4]白宗奇, 宋晓军. Q345B等板带产品木纹状断口的成因分析[J]. 物理测试, 2013, 31(2): 56-58.

Bai Z Q, Song X J. Cause analysis on woody fracture of Q345B steel plate[J]. Physics Examination and Testing, 2013, 31(2): 56-58.

[5]巴发海. 精轧机电机轴断裂原因分析[J]. 机械工程材料, 2010, 34(8): 83-87.

Ba F H. Fracture analysis of motor shaft of finishing mill[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 34(8): 83-87.

[6]罗昌森, 罗宏, 曾宪光. ZL102铝合金抛光机扣环断裂分析[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2013, 33(3): 285-288.

Luo C S, Luo H, Zeng X G. Fracture analysis of Al alloy ZL102 polishing machine ring[J]. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, 2013, 33(3): 285-288.

[7]孙宾, 王守仁, 王砚军. 铁素体不锈钢高温循环氧化性能特征[J]. 热加工工艺, 2012, 41(4): 43-44,48.

Sun B, Wang S R, Wang Y J. Cyclic oxidation behavior of ferrite stainless steel at high temperature[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2012, 41(4): 43-44,48.

[8]薛清连, 邹德宁, 田成, 等. 430不锈钢退火氧化层酸洗行为研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2015, 44(14): 210-213.

Xue Q L, Zou D N, Tian C, et al. Research on pickling behavior of 430 stainless steel annealing oxidation layer[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2015, 44(14): 210-213.

[9]GB/T 1220—2007，不锈钢棒[S].

GB/T 1220—2007, Stainless steel bars[S].

[10]赵自义. SWRH82B盘条拉拔断裂原因分析和改进[J]. 金属制品, 2010, 36(4): 67-70.

Zhao Z Y. Cause analysis and improvement of SWRH82B wire rod drawing fracture[J]. Metal Products, 2010, 36(4): 67-70.

[11]吴翔宇, 王高峰, 李杰, 等. MnS形态和轧制参数对高硫易切削不锈钢430F成材率的影响[J]. 特殊钢, 2021, 42(4): 20-24.

Wu X Y, Wang G F, Li J, et al. Effect of MnS morphology and rolling parameters on yield of high sulfur free cutting stainless steel 430F[J]. Special Steel, 2021, 42(4): 20-24.

[12]王军伟, 李具仓. 退火条件对SUS430冷轧板力学性能影响研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2015, 44(8): 181-184.

Wang J W, Li J C. Effect of annealing condition on mechanical property of cold rolled SUS430 sheet[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2015, 44(8): 181-184.

[13]廖子东, 周成宏, 叶德新, 等. 低碳高硫易切削钢1215冷拔开裂分析[J]. 热处理技术与装备, 2020, 41(5): 11-15.

Liao Z D, Zhou C H, Ye D X, et al. Analysis on cold drawing cracking of low carbon and high sulfur free-cutting steel 1215[J]. Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment, 2020, 41(5): 11-15.

[14]周杰, 赵振铎, 范光伟. 餐勺用1Cr17不锈钢冲压开裂原因分析[J]. 山西冶金, 2016, 39(6): 16-17,20.

Zhou J, Zhao Z D, Fan G W. Fracture analysis of spoons made of 1Cr17 stainless steel[J]. Shanxi Metallurgy, 2016, 39(6):16-17,20.

[15]郝曼曼, 彭碧草, 王起江, 等. T92钢在蠕变过程中Laves相的析出与熟化行为[J]. 机械工程材料, 2011, 35(10): 32-35.

Hao M M, Peng B C, Wang Q J, et al. Precipitation and coarsening of laves phases in T92 steels in the process of creep[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 35(10): 32-35.

[16]李聚宝, 李岩, 张有余, 等. 双相区热处理对430铁素体不锈钢热轧板组织和性能的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2017, 29(1): 62-66.

Li J B, Li Y, Zhang Y Y, et al. Effect of heat treatment in dual-phase region on microstructure and property of 430 ferritic stainless steel hot rolled sheet[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2017, 29(1): 62-66.

[17]王冬颖, 关锰, 陈炜,等. 基于V型缺口试样冲击性能确定1Cr17Ni2不锈钢的热处理工艺[J]. 机械工程材料, 2016, 40(8): 34-38.

Wang D Y, Guan M, Chen W, et al. Heat treatment process determination of 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel based on impact property of V-notch specimen[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 40(8): 34-38.

[18]梁瑞, 马春翔. 基于ANSYS的拉丝过程有限元仿真研究[J]. 机械制造与自动化, 2020, 49(2): 126-129.

Liang R, Ma C X. Finite element simulation of drawing process based on ANSYS[J]. Machine Building & Automation, 2020, 49(2): 126-129.

[19]王连东, 刘超, 刘恒, 等. 芯轴外径对大变形推压-拉拔复合缩径的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2018, 29(17): 2131-2136.

Wang L D, Liu C, Liu H, et al. Effects of mandrel diameters on large deformation pushing-pulling necking[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 29(17): 2131-2136.

[20]阮树荣, 吴永强, 王开坤. 方锭改锻圆锭过程中心开裂的数值模拟分析[J]. 热加工工艺, 2021, 50(11): 104-108.

Ruan S R, Wu Y Q, Wang K K. Numerical simulation analysis on cracking of center in process of cuboid ingot forging into round ingot[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2021, 50(11): 104-108.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】