To study the high temperature rheological behavior of single vacuum 300M ultra-high strength steel and formulate reasonable thermal processing parameters, the thermal compression tests were carried out under the conditions of strain rate of 0.001-10 s-1, and deformation temperature of 850-1200 ℃, and the relationship between rheological stress and deformation temperature, strain rate and deformation amount was studied. Then, considering the influence of friction on rheological stress during compression deformation process of cylindrical specimen, an Arrhenius constitutive model based on friction correction was established. The research results show that when the rheological stress of sample is measured by the thermal compression test, the friction between the upper and lower end surfaces of the sample and the indenter of the test machine cannot be ignored. After the experimental results are corrected by friction, the more accurate high-temperature rheological stress of materials is obtained. The material rheological stress is negatively correlated with the deformation temperature and positively correlated with the strain rate. In addition, the peak stress of the material has a high sensitivity to both the deformation temperature and the strain rate, but the sensitivity index to the strain rate is higher.