锻压技术

基于流变行为和热加工图的全地形车履带板锻造工艺

英文标题：Forging process on all-terrain vehicle track shoe based on rheological behavior and thermal processing map

作者：刘辉1 江莉2 何欢欢1

分类号：TG316；TG146.4

出版年,卷(期):页码：2023,48(8):17-24

摘要：

为得到组织均匀、晶粒度符合要求且无锻造缺陷的某履带板高性能锻件，首先，通过热压缩实验获取了42CrMo钢的流变数据，并构建了Arrhenius本构方程。结果表明：当应变速率为0.01~0.1 s-1、温度高于850 ℃时，材料的真实应力-真实应变曲线存在明显的峰值，软化效应明显，其动态再结晶软化效应显著大于加工硬化效应；当应变速率较高时，材料的应力峰值不明显，软化效果不显著，这说明在高应变速率下，材料来不及完全发生再结晶，其软化机制为动态回复。其次，构建了42CrMo钢在不同变形量下的热加工图，发现42CrMo钢的失稳高风险区主要位于低温、高应变速率区域，也有少量位于高温、低应变速率区域；当对数应变速率小于-2.5、温度为850~1050 ℃时，材料在热加工时具有较高的热加工稳定性。再次，使用数值仿真分析了某履带板的锻造成形过程，得到了成形效果良好，无折叠、欠填充等锻造缺陷的锻件，各方面指标均达到了设计要求。最后，通过生产试制验证了锻造工艺的可行性,通过微观组织分析验证了推荐的锻造温度和应变速率能够得到细小、均匀的组织。

In order to obtain the high-performance forgings of a certain track shoe with uniform structure, grain size meeting the requirements and no forging defects, firstly，the rheological datas of 42CrMo steel were obtained by thermal compression experiments, and the Arrhenius constitutive equation was constructed. The results show that when the strain rate is 0.01-0.1 s-1 and the temperature is higher than 850 ℃, there is a significant peak in the true stress-true strain curve of material, and the softening effect is obvious. The dynamic recrystallization softening effect is significantly greater than the work hardening effect. When the strain rate is higher, the peak stress of material is not obvious, and the softening effect is not significant, which indicates that under the high strain rate, the material cannot fully recrystallize in time, and its softening mechanism is dynamic recovery. Secondly, the thermal processing maps of 42CrMo steel under different deformation amounts were constructed, and it is found that the high-risk areas of instability for 42CrMo steel are mainly located in the low temperature and high strain rate areas, and a few are located in the high temperature and low strain rate areas. When the logarithmic strain rate is less than -2.5 and the temperature is 850-1050 ℃, the material has high thermal processing stability during the thermal processing. Furthermore, the forging process of a certain track shoe was analyzed by numerical simulation, the forgings with good forming effect and no forging defects such as folding and insufficient filling was obtained, and all indicators meet the design requirements. Finally, the feasibility of the forging process was verified by trial production, and the microstructure analysis verifies that the recommended forging temperature and strain rate can obtain fine and uniform microstructure.

基金项目：

新疆应用职业技术学院重点教改项目（XYZY2021 KYB001）

作者简介：刘辉（1977-），女，硕士，副教授,E-mail：76721819@qq.com

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