In order to research the mechanical performance and failure mechanisms of bonding-SPR composite process joints between carbon fiber board and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy board, and the influences of different lap lengths and different layup methods on the performance of joints were analyzed by the tensile shear test. Then, the connection quality and damage of joints were discussed in depth, and in order to characterize the damage mechanism of CFRP laminates, the failure fracture characteristics around rivet holes were analyzed by SEM. The results show that the ultimate failure load and energy absorption of joints increase with the increasing of lap length, and the lap length L tends to be stable in the range of 25~30 mm. The failure mode of joints changes with the increasing of lap length, and the fiber tearing and interlocking structure failures are about equal when the lap length is 15~20 mm. However, the interlocking mechanism failure is the main reason for the lap length L≥25 mm. Additionally, the failure load and energy absorption values of joints are higher for the ［0°/90°］8 s, which is mainly dominated by the failure of locking structure. The joints of ［±45°］8 s and ［0°/45°/90°/-45°］4 s are damaged seriously due to adhesive layer failure, matrix crack, fiber tear and rivet shedding.