锻压技术

切边工艺对高强钢成形性能与断裂模式影响的实验研究

英文标题：Experimental study on influence of cutting process on formability and fracture mode for high strength steel

作者：李亚1 2 牛超1 2 连昌伟1 2

单位：1.宝山钢铁股份有限公司中央研究院 2.汽车用钢开发与应用技术国家重点实验室（宝钢

关键词：切边工艺 DP980钢 QP980钢剪切边拉伸实验边部开裂断裂应变断裂伸长率

分类号：TB302.3

出版年,卷(期):页码：2024,49(6):110-115

摘要：

选用DP980钢与QP980钢材料，采用铣削、水洗、线切割和冲裁的方式加工试样，并利用基于DIC方法的剪切边拉伸实验比较不同的切边工艺对试样的断裂伸长率和断裂应变的影响，对不同切边工艺下试样的拉伸断裂过程进行追踪，分析不同钢种的颈缩变形与断口形貌，阐述了基于颈缩原理建立的传统成形极限图不再适用于预测高强钢边部开裂的原因，因此，断裂失效模型必须考虑切边工艺对边部影响。实验结果表明，剪切边拉伸实验会产生两种断裂模式：颈缩断裂和剪切边断裂。QP980钢比DP980钢对切边工艺更敏感，局部成形性能更好，对于QP980钢来说，采用边部去除材料的冷加工方法（水洗、铣削）得到的材料性能优于热加工方法（线切割），且优于冲裁边缘。对于两钢种来说，打磨冲裁边缘可以有效提高材料性能。

For DP980 steel and QP980 steel materials, the specimens were machined by milling, water jet cutting, wire electrical discharge machining and blanking, and the influences of different cutting processes on fracture elongation and fracture strain were compared by the shear edge tensile experiments based on DIC method. Then, the tensile fracture process of specimens under different cutting processes was tracked, and the necking deformation and fracture morphology of different steels were analyzed. Furthermore, the reason why the traditional forming limit diagram, which was established based on necking principle, could not accurately predict the edge cracking of high strength steel was explained. And so the influence of the cutting process on the edge must be considered in the fracture failure model. The experiment results show that necking fracture and shear edge fracture are two typical fracture modes in the shear edge tensile experiment, and QP980 steel is more sensitive to the cutting process and has better local formability than DP980 steel. For QP980 steel, the properties of material obtained by cold working methods (water jet cutting and milling) which removes material from the edges is better than that of hot working methods (wire electrical discharge machining), and it is superior to blanking edge. Thus, for two kinds of steel, grinding the blanked edges can effectively improve the material properties.

基金项目：

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0304403)

作者简介：李亚（1989-），女，硕士，中级工程师,E-mail：liya@baosteel.com

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（a）应力-应变曲线（b）屈服阶段应力场分布云图

（c）颈缩阶段应力场分布云图（d）断裂阶段应力场分布云图

Fig.7Uniaxial tensile stress-strain curve and stress field distribution

nephograms of DP980 steel

（a）Stress-strain curve（b）Distribution nephogram of stress field in

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图8DP980钢断裂失效曲线和单向拉伸应力路径

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