锻压技术

锻造工艺对TC4钛合金返回料棒材组织与力学性能的影响

英文标题：Influence of forging process on microstructure and mechanical properties for TC4 titanium alloy return material bars

作者：叶宁1 2 冉兴1 付绪楷1 朱明渝1 王亦欣1 任永海2 郭文文2 卢百平3 潘智平3

单位：1.中航重机股份有限公司 2.重机宇航材料工程（贵州）有限公司 3.南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院

关键词：TC4钛合金返回料铸锭锻造工艺环轧成形微观组织力学性能

分类号：TG316

出版年,卷(期):页码：2025,50(2):7-15

摘要：

为探究TC4钛合金返回料铸锭与棒材是否满足航空TC4钛合金使用要求，及应用于航空领域的可行性，以电子束冷床炉熔炼+真空自耗电弧炉熔炼双联熔炼工艺制备的Φ425 mm×330 mmTC4钛合金返回料铸锭为研究对象，研究了锻造工艺对其化学成分和TC4钛合金返回料棒材组织与力学性能的影响，并探究了TC4钛合金返回料棒材基于环轧成形工艺制备异形环锻件的适用性。结果表明，采用8火次（TC4钛合金相变点以上3火次和相变点以下5火次）锻造，制备出化学成分、组织和力学性能均满足GB/T 2965—2023要求的Φ210 mmTC4钛合金返回料棒材。TC4钛合金返回料异形环锻件的力学性能与正常新料锻件的力学性能相当,且满足GJB 2274A—2019要求，表明TC4钛合金返回料采用电子束冷床炉熔炼+真空自耗电弧炉熔炼双联熔炼，再经锻造后制备的异形环锻件组织性能良好，有望降低航空用TC4钛合金的成本。

In order to explore whether the TC4 titanium alloy return material ingots and bars meet the usage requirements of aviation TC4 titanium alloy and the feasibility of application in the aviation field, for Φ425 mm×330 mm TC4 titanium alloy return material ingot prepared by the dual melting process of electron beam cold hearth remelting + vacuum arc remelting, the influences of forging process on the chemical composition of TC4 titanium alloy return material ingots and the microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy return material bars were studied, and the applicability of TC4 titanium alloy return material bars to prepare special-shaped ring forgings based on the ring rolling process was explored. The results show that Φ210 mm TC4 titanium alloy return material bars are prepared by using eight rounds of forging (three rounds above the phase transition point and five rounds below the phase transition point of TC4 titanium alloy), which chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties meet the requirements of GB/T 2965—2023. The mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy return material special-shaped ring forgings are equivalent to those of normal new material forgings and meet the requirements of GJB 2274A—2019, indicating that the microstructure and properties of the special-shaped ring forgings prepared by the dual melting process of electron beam cold hearth remelting + vacuum arc remelting with TC4 titanium alloy return material are good,which is expected to reduce the cost of TC4 titanium alloy for aviation use.

基金项目：

中航重机技术研究院创新基金（GK202203108）

作者简介：叶宁(1987-)，男，硕士，工程师,E-mail：1215368970@qq.com;通信作者：冉兴(1968-)，男，博士，正高级工程师,E-mail：ranx@avic.com

参考文献：

[1]杨健. 钛合金在飞机上的应用 [J]. 航空制造技术, 2006(11): 41-43.

Yang J. Application of titanium alloy in aircraft [J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2006(11): 41-43.

[2]毛小南,赵永庆,杨冠军. 国外航空发动机用钛合金的发展现状 [J]. 稀有金属快报, 2007(5):1-7.

Mao X N, Zhao Y Q, Yang G J. Development situation of the overseas titanium alloys used for aircraft engine [J]. Rare Metals Letters, 2007(5):1-7.

[3]张新,刘鸿羽,车昶,等. 钛合金低成本成形技术研究进展 [J]. 铸造, 2021, 70(10): 1141-1148.

Zhang X, Liu H Y, Che C, et al. Development status of low cost titanium alloy processing technology [J]. Foundry, 2021, 70 (10): 1141-1148.

[4]赵秦阳,陈永楠,徐义库,等. 钛合金材料低成本化制备技术进展与展望 [J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2021, 31 (11): 3127-3140.

Zhao Q Y, Chen Y N, Xu Y K, et al. Progress and prospects of cost-effective manufacturing technologies for titanium alloys[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2021, 31 (11): 3127-3140.

[5]冯秋元,佟学文,王俭，等. 低成本钛合金研究现状与发展趋势 [J]. 材料导报, 2017, 31 (9): 128-134.

Feng Q Y, Tong X W, Wang J, et al. Status quo and development tendency on the research of low cost titanium alloy [J]. Materials Reports, 2017,31(9): 128-134.

[6]张英明, 孙军, 韩明臣, 等.TC4 合金的电子束冷床熔炼研究[J].宇航材料工艺, 2007, 37(5): 50-52.

Zhang Y M, Sun J, Han M C, et al. Electron beam cold hearth melting of TC4[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2007, 37(5): 50-52.

[7]于兰兰, 毛小南, 张英明, 等. 电子束冷床炉单次熔炼钛合金铸锭研究进展[J]. 钛工业进展, 2009, 26(2): 14-18.

Yu L L, Mao X N, Zhang Y M, et al. Development of electron-beam cold hearth single melt process for titanium alloy ingots[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2009, 26(2): 14-18.

[8]蔡建明，曹春晓.航空发动机钛合金材料与应用技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社，2021.

Cai J M, Cao C X. Titanium Alloy Materials and Application Technology for Aero-engine [M]. Beijing：Metallurgical Industry Press, 2021.

[9]王博涵, 程礼, 崔文斌. 锻造工艺对TC4 钛合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].热加工工艺，2021,50（23）：17-21.

Wang B H, Cheng L, Cui W B. Effect of forging process on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy [J]. Hot Working Technology, 2021,50(23): 17-21.

[10]朱远志，李豪杰，彭欢. 不同加工方式对TC4钛合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].华中师范大学学报（自然科学版），2019,53（4）：503-509.

Zhu Y Z, Li H J, Peng H. Effect of different processing methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy [J]. Journal of Central China Normal University（Natural Sciences）, 2019,53(4): 503-509.

[11]王蕊宁，杨建朝，吕利强，等.不同热处理工艺对工业 TC4合金板材组织和性能的影响[J].钛工业进展，2010，27(6): 27-29.

Wang R N，Yang J C，Lyu L Q，et al.Influence of heat-treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 plate[J].Titanium Industry Progress，2010，27( 6):27-29.

[12]宋洪超，梁益龙，王攀智，等.等温处理对TC4钛合金组织和性能的影响[J].金属热处理，2013，38(11): 18-20.

Song H C，Liang Y L，Wang P Z，et al.Effect of isothermal treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals，2013，38(11):18-20.

[13]朱知寿.新型航空高性能钛合金材料技术研究与发展[M].北京：航空工业出版社，2013.

Zhu Z S. Research and Development of

New-brand Titanium Alloy of High Performance for Aeronautical Applications[M].Beijing：Aviation Industry Press, 2013.

[14]GB/T 2965—2023，钛及钛合金棒材[S].

GB/T 2965—2023，Titanium and titanium alloy bars[S].

[15]李瑞，段晓辉，岳旭，等. 锻造工艺对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金大规格方坯组织与性能的影响[J].钛工业进展，2018,35（5）：33-37.

Li R, Duan X H, Yue X, et al. Effect of forging process on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy large forging billet[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2018,35（5）：33-37.

[16]GB/T 3620.1—2016，钛及钛合金牌号和化学成分[S].

GB/T 3620.1—2016，Designation and composition of titanium and titanium alloys[S].

[17]GB/T 23605—2020，钛合金β转变温度测定方法[S].

GB/T 23605—2020，Determination of β transus temperature of titanium alloys[S].

[18]张嫦娟. 铸锭成分对 TC4 钛合金相变点及锻造组织的影响[J].热加工工艺，2017,46（21）：152-154.

Zhang C J. Effect of ingot composition on phase transformation point and forging microstructure of TC4 titanium alloy [J]. Hot Working Technology, 2017,46(21):152-154.

[19]苏化冰，尹林，江红军.锻造和热处理工艺对TC4钛合金显微组织和冲击韧度的影响[J].热处理, 2023, 38(4):36-40.

Su H B, Yin L, Jiang H J. Effect of forging and heat treatment processes on microstructure and impact toughness of TC4 titanium alloy [J]. Heat Treatment, 2023,38(4): 36-40.

[20]赵海燕，储双杰，张启飞,等.锻造工艺对航空用钛合金微观组织演变及力学性能的影响[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2024, 31(11):13-32.

Zhao H Y, Chu S J, Zhang Q F, et al. Effect of forging process on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of titanium alloy for aerospace applications [J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2024,31(11): 13-32.

[21]GB 145—2001，中心孔[S].

GB 145—2001，Center holes[S].

[22]Semiatin S L, Seetharaman V, Weiss I. Hot workability of titanium and titanium aluminide alloys-An overview [J]. Materials Science and Engineering：A，1998,243(1-2):1-24.

[23]Seshacharyulu T, Medeiros S C, Frazier W G, et al. Microstructural mechanisms during hot working of commercial grade Ti-6A1-4V with lamellar starting structure[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A,2002,325(1-2):112-125.

[24]GJB 2744A—2019，航空用钛及钛合金自由锻件和模锻件规范[S].

GJB 2744A—2019，Specification for titanium and titanium alloy free forgings and die forgings for aerospace[S].

[25]GB/T 5193—2020，钛及钛合金加工产品超声检验方法[S].

GB/T 5193—2020，Method of ultrasonic inspection for wrought titanium and titanium alloy free products[S].

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】