锻压技术

基于三维热加工图的6063铝合金型材挤压工艺优化

英文标题：Extrusion process optimization on 6063 aluminum alloy profile based on three-dimensional hot processing map

单位：1. 太原重型机械集团有限公司山西太原 030024 2. 太重（天津）滨海重型机械有限公司天津 300457 3. 太原理工大学机械工程学院山西太原 030024

分类号：TG146.2

出版年,卷(期):页码：2025,50(6):120-128

摘要：

为了获得6063铝合金的优化挤压工艺参数，实现其成形质量的均匀性和成形的高效性，同时，考虑到挤压过程中温度对挤压产品成品率具有较大影响，采用30 ℃的温度间隔在Gleeble-3800动态模拟压缩试验机上进行6063铝合金的等温热压缩实验，获得了变形温度为450~570 ℃、应变速率为1~20 s-1条件下的真应力-真应变曲线，建立了基于Arrhenius模型的本构方程，结合Prasad理论建立了三维热加工图,并进行了工艺优化。结果表明：考虑应变的本构方程的预测值和实验值的相关系数r2为0.97935、平均绝对相对误差AARE为4.669%，而三维热加工图的分析表明，6063铝合金适宜的热加工条件为高温低应变速率和低温高应变速率，合理的挤压温度范围为480~530 ℃。研究结果表明，建立的本构方程可以为挤压设备设计阶段的力能参数评估提供指导，而三维热加工图可以为铝合金型材挤压工艺参数优化提供借鉴。

In order to obtain the optimized extrusion process parameters of 6063 aluminum alloy and realize the uniformity of forming quality and high forming efficiency, at the same time, considering that the temperature in the extrusion process had significant influence on the yield of extruded products, the isothermal hot compression test of 6063 aluminum alloy was carried out on dynamic simulation compression tester Gleeble-3800 with a temperature interval of 30 ℃, and the true stress-true strain curves under the conditions that the temperature of 450-570 ℃ and strain the rate of 1-20 s-1 were obtained. Then, the constitutive equation based on the Arrhenius model was established, the three-dimensional hot processing map was established, and the process optimization was conducted by combining the Prasad theory. The results show that the correlation coefficient r2 between the predicted and test values of the constitutive equation considering strain is 0.97935, and the average absolute relative error AARE is 4.669%. The three-dimensional hot processing map analysis shows that the suitable hot processing conditions for 6063 aluminum alloy are high temperature and low strain rate, and low temperature and high strain rate, and the reasonable extrusion temperature range is 480-530 ℃. The research results show that the established constitutive equation can provide guidance for the evaluation of force and energy parameters in the design stage of extrusion equipment, and the three-dimensional hot processing map can provide reference for the optimization of extrusion process parameters of aluminum alloy profiles.

基金项目：

国家重点研发计划（2024YFB3714301）；山西省基础研究计划联合资助项目（太重）产业发展类重点项目（TZLH2023-0818006）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目（52005361）；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2022A022)；中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2023T160474)

作者简介：郭爽爽（1984-），男，硕士，高级工程师，E-mail：1115329758@qq.com；通信作者：刘文文（1990-），男，博士，副教授，E-mail：liuwenwen@tyut.edu.cn

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