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Abstract：
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The thick cooling hard layer exists on the surface of titanium alloy billet formed under conventional extrusion condition.The flow stress increases sharply,which affects the billet forming.The properties of cooling hard layer and influence on extrusion forming processes were investigated by simulation and experiment.The key factors affecting cooling hard layer were presented.The thickness and characteristic of cooling hard layer were analyzed by numerical simulation with DEFORM-3D software.The result of numerical simulation shows that cooling hard layer affects forging shape,flow stress,strain,load and so on.The thickness of cooling hard layer was about 3 mm and 500 ℃ when the interface transferring coefficient was set at 11 and the friction coefficient was set at 0.7.The result of experiments shows that the punch is easily broken if there is lack of effective lubrication and heat insulation.The effective lubrication and heat insulation are necessary conditions for ensuring the TC4 cup-shape part forming.The ideas of isothermal extrusion and wrap extrusion were proposed,which could eliminate or reduce the cooling hard layer.
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Reference：
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