Based on β forging experiment of titanium alloy TC17, the influences of initial forging temperature, deformation degree and cooling mode after forging on microstructures and mechanical properties of titanium alloy TC17 were studied. The experiment shows that the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties at room temperature of titanium alloy TC17 appear varying degrees of sensitivity to the parameters of the β forging. With the increase of the initial forging temperature, the grain refinement increases, and the different initial forging temperature can significantly affect the strength of titanium alloy TC17. However, the increase of deformation degree of titanium alloy can significantly improve the residual Widmanstatten organization, and the strength of titanium alloy TC17 is expected greatly. Therefore, the deformation inhomogenization of the coarse grain structure inside the alloy is further enhanced. Thus, when the cooling mode is slow-cooling after forging, the length of the intracry-stalline secondary α phase increases and the fracture toughness of alloy is effectively improved. At the initial forging temperature of 918℃, the deformation degree of 60% and the slow-cooling, the mechanical properties of titanium alloy TC17 at room temperature are better.