For the problem of cracking due to concentrated deformation in the thin-thickness transition zone of aluminum alloy spherical shell with differential thickness, a novel method of gradient ultra-low temperature deep drawing for aluminum alloy spherical shell with differential thickness was proposed by utilizing the double-increase effect of the significant increase in the elongation and hardening index of aluminum alloy under ultra-low temperature condition, and the 2219 aluminum alloy spherical curved surface parts with differential thickness and the diameter of Φ200 mm under the gradient ultra-low temperature condition was trial-produced by ultra-low temperature deep drawing process device. Then, combined with numerical simulation, the gradient ultra-low temperature deep drawing law of spherical shell with differential thickness was analyzed, and the deformation coordination mechanism in the thin-thickness transition zone was revealed. The results indicate that the high hardening capacity at ultra-low temperature can transfer the concentrated deformation in the thin-thickness transition zone, and has sufficient plastic deformation capacity to withstand the increased deformation in the thin zone caused by the constrant in the thick zone. Under the gradient ultra-low temperature, the formability of differential thickness sheet with a thickness ratio of 2.0 is significantly improved, which is 76.4% higher than that at normal temperature. Thus, the differential thickness spherical shell obtained by gradient ultra-low temperature forming has great potential, which can provides a new way for the forming of large differential thickness thin-walled curved surface parts.