In order to study the thermal deformation behavior of superalloy FGH4096 after vacuum solution heat treatment, the isothermal constant strain rate thermal compression test was conducted by thermal simulation test machine Gleeble-3500 at the deformation temperatures of 1020, 1050, 1080, 1110 and 1140 ℃, the strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 s-1, and the deformation amount of 60%, and based on the true stress-true strain curve of the thermal compression test, the Arrhenius constitutive equation with strain compensation for high temperature deformation was established by regression analysis and polynomial fitting. The results show that when the deformation temperature increases to 1080 and 1110 ℃, the alloy undergoes complete dynamic recrystallization. When the alloy is deformed at the condition of 1080 ℃, 0.001 s-1 and 1110 ℃, 0.01 s-1, the recrystallized grain size is coarsened at lower deformation temperatures under the same strain rate. The heat deformation activation energy of alloy is 902.049 kJ·mol-1. Thus, the constitutive model can accurately predict the rheological behavior of alloy during the thermal deformation process, and the stress level during thermal processing can be controlled by controlling the strain rate and the deformation temperature.