锻压技术

汽车外覆盖件冲击线的影响因素及评价指标板料成形

英文标题：Influence factors and evaluation index of impact line for automobile outer panels

作者：王权1 2 张晓莹1 2 朱永刚1 2

分类号：TG386

出版年,卷(期):页码：2024,49(6):88-95

摘要：

针对汽车外覆盖件冲击线缺陷，采用弯曲-压平-拉伸的方法模拟冲击线形成过程，分析冲击线对试样表面硬度和形貌的影响，获取了硬度梯度、凹痕深度与折弯圆角半径、拉伸应变之间的关系；分析冲击线对涂装外观质量的影响，获取了消除影响的冲击线凹痕深度阈值，并以此作为冲击线评价指标。应用此评价方法，对某车型后背门内板零件材料在切换过程中出现的冲击线质量问题进行了分析和控制。结果表明：凹痕最大深度与拉伸应变呈幂指数变化关系，而最大硬度变化与拉伸应变、折弯圆角半径呈指数变化关系；冲击线对涂装外观质量存在明显的负面影响，当冲击线凹痕深度不超过10 μm时，能够消除冲击线对外观质量的影响。通过提高后背门内板成形过程的压边力消除了冲击线与起皱缺陷，证明了所提出的冲击线评价试验指标是可靠、有效的。

According to the impact line defect of automobile outer panel, a bending-flattening-stretching method was used to simulate the formation process of impact line, and the influences of impact line on the surface hardness and morphology of samples were analyzed to obtain the relationship between hardness gradient, dent depth and bending fillet radius, tensile strain. And the influence of impact line on the appearance quality of coating was analyzed to obtain the dent depth threshold of impact line eliminating the influence, which was used as the evaluation index of impact line. Furthermore, the impact line quality problem in the material switching process of back door inner panel parts for a vehicle was analyzed and controlled by this evaluation method. The results show that the relationship between dent maximum depth and tensile strain is power exponential, and the relationship between the maximum hardness change and tensile strain as well as bending fillet radius is exponential. The impact line has a significant negative impact on the appearance quality of coating. When the dent depth of impact line does not exceed 10 μm, the influence of impact line on the appearance quality can be eliminated. By increasing the blank holder force in the forming process of back door inner plate, the impact line and wrinkling defects are eliminated, which proves the reliability and validity of the proposed impact line evaluation test index.

基金项目：

河南省高等学校重点科研项目（23B460005）；河南省科技公关项目（232102220076）；教育部供需对接就业育人项目（20230102726）

作者简介：王权（1989-），男，硕士，讲师,E-mail：wangquan1989s@163.com;通信作者：张晓莹 (1985-), 女, 硕士, 副教授,E-mail：funworldzxy@163.com

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