锻压技术

汽车覆盖件用金属板材的抗凹性能

英文标题：Dent resistance of sheet metal for automobile panel

作者：张钧萍方刚周佳周湛淞牛力强

分类号：TG386.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2024,49(11):23-29

摘要：

以3种常用的汽车外覆盖件用钢板和铝合金板材为研究对象，根据实际服役工况特点采用一次加载方法评估材料的抗凹性能。研究结果表明，一次加载条件下材料的变形呈现线性弹性变形、失稳凹陷和非线性变形3个典型阶段，厚度、材料性能、预变形和热处理均影响材料的抗凹性能。增加厚度、选用弹性模量更高的钢板并控制变形量有利于提高初始刚度；增加厚度、选用屈服强度较高且具有明显烘烤硬化性能的材料可以提升失稳凹陷载荷。获得了材料力学特性、板料厚度、变形程度和热处理状态4个关键因素对抗凹性能的影响规律，为材料选择及抗凹性能控制提供参考。

For three commonly used steel sheets and aluminium alloy sheets for automobile panels, according to the characteristics of actual service conditions, the dent resistances of materials were evaluated by one-time loading method. The research results indicate that the deformation of material under one-time loading condition exhibits three typical stages, such as linear elastic deformation, unstable dent and non-linearity deformation, and the thickness, material properties, pre-deformation and heat treatment all affect the dent resistance of material. It is beneficial for the initial stiffness improvement to increase the thickness, use steel sheet with higher elastic modulus and control the deformation amount, and the unstable dent load can be enhanced by increasing the thickness and selecting materials with higher yield strength and significant baking hardening properties. The influence laws of four key factors, namely, mechanical properties of material, sheet thickness, deformation degree and heat treatment state, on the dent resistance are obtained, which provides the reference for material selection and dent resistance control.

基金项目：

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFB0300805）

作者简介：张钧萍（1988-），男，硕士，高级工程师 E-mail：zhangjunping@caeri.com.cn

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